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Merge pull request #105 from larzeitlin/gis_roadmap
GIS roadmap
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‎src/gis/roadmap.clj‎

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^{:kindly/hide-code true
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:clay {:title "GIS roadmap"
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:quarto {:author :luke-zeitlin
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:type :post
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:date "2025-10-23"
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:draft true
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:category :gis
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:tags [:gis]}}}
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(ns gis.roadmap
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(:require [scicloj.kindly.v4.kind :as kind]))
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;; # Roadmap for Clojure GIS
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;; The plan is to present a cohesive story for GIS work in the Clojure ecosystem.
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;; At present this document can serve as a location to add notes, todos and thoughts.
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;; Some future version of it may serve as a landing page.
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;; # Why Clojure?
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;; ## TODO:
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;; A few words about why Clojure is good for GIS...
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;; - Clojure's ability to interact with multiple host environments (Java, JS, Python, etc).
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;; - Same language on the front and backend
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;; - Ergonomic data workflow
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;; - Interactive development
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;; # GIS Task Categories
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;; ## Image formats
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;; ### Raster
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;; #### Cloud Optimized GeoTIFF (COG)
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;; ##### What is a COG?
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;; **TIFF** is an extensible image file format. **GeoTIFFs** are TIFFs with geospatial metadata
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;; such as coordinate reference / projection information, Geographic extent,
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;; pixel resolution and so on.
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;; **Cloud Optimized GeoTIFFs (COGs)** are geoTIFFs arranged for efficient access over HTTP. This
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;; is achieved with tiled layouts allowing for partial access (using HTTP range requests),
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;; and resolution pyramids. This allows for fetching only the portion of the COG required.
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;;
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;; More details on the format at: [cogeo.org](https://www.cogeo.org)
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;;
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;; #### How to interact with COGs with Clojure
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;; Many libraries for creation and manipulation of GeoTIFF data in other languages rely on
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;; the [GDAL binary](https://gdal.org).
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;; This is performant and battle-tested but has a large footprint and is vulnerable to
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;; version mismatches between the client language and GDAL.
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;;
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;; Some pure language implementations (that do not depend on GDAL) exist, such as
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;; [geotiff.js](https://geotiffjs.github.io/) for JavaScript and [GeoTools](https://geotools.org/) in Java.
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;; For the sake of
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;; simplicity we recommend using interop with pure language GeoTIFF library where possible.
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;;
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;; ##### TODOs:
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;; - GeoTools / Java interop example
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;; - geotiff.js / JavaScript interop example
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;; - Example of a containerized Python bindings with GDAL setup.
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;;
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;;
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;; #### NetCDF
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;; NetCDF is a format for metadata enhanced, compressed, multidimensional arrays.
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;; Often used for weather, climate, remote sensing and
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;; oceanographic data.
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;; Both [GeoTools](https://geotools.org/) and [NetCDF-Java](https://docs.unidata.ucar.edu/netcdf-java) are acceptable ways to to handle and create
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;; netCDF files in Java-hosted Clojure. In JS we can read NetCDF files with
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;; [netcdfjs](https://github.com/cheminfo/netcdfjs)
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;; ##### TODOs:
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;; - GeoTools interop example
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;; - NetCDF-Java example
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;; - Which one is best?
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;; - netcdfjs example (maybe interactive with scittle/react/clay)
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;;
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;; #### HDF
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;; Another widely used multidimensional array format in the scientific GIS world.
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;;
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;; [HDF in clojure](https://scicloj.github.io/clojure-data-scrapbook/projects/data-formats/hdf/index.html)
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;; #### Zarr
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;; ##### TODO:
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;; - how to read in Clojure
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;;
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;; ### Vector
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;; #### GeoJSON
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;; - json->edn
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;; - spec validation for geoJSON
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;; - review [FarmLogs/geojson](https://github.com/FarmLogs/geojson)
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;; #### Shapefile
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;; - [ovid](https://github.com/willcohen/ovid)
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;; #### Notes:
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;; Maybe [Factual/geo](https://github.com/Factual/geo) is good for some of this?
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;;
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;; ## Cloud Optimized
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;; ### PMTiles
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;; - Reading: Timeverse PMtiles (Java interop)
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;; - Creation: CLI / Babashka?
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;; ### Notes:
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;; [The Cloud Native Geo guide](https://guide.cloudnativegeo.org/) may be a useful starting
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;; pount for some of this.
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;;
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^:kindly/hide-code
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(kind/image {:src "cogeo-formats-table.png"
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:style {:width "30em"}})
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;; *Image from https:/guide.cloudnativegeo.org*
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;;
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;; ## Image processing
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;; Routing / Network analysis
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;; ### Some articles to review
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;; - [GTFS](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GTFS)
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;; - [MATSim](https://github.com/matsim-org)
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;;
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;; ## Spatial DBs
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;; - postGIS
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;; - MBTiles / sqllite
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;;
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;; ## Spatial reference systems
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;; ### Coordinate system conversions
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;; - [Coordinate Systems article](https://mgimond.github.io/Spatial/chp09_0.html) maybe a good starting point for a Clojure oriented article on the same.
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;; ### H3
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;; - again, [Factual/geo](https://github.com/factual/geo) may be a good starting point.
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;;
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;; ## Map widgets
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;; - Leaflet
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;; - Openlayers
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;; - Kepler.gl
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;;
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;; ## Geo-coding / Addresses
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;;
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;; ## Remote sensing
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;; ### Satellite imagery
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;; - Sentinel2
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;; - Planet
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;; - Google Earth Engine
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;; ## Tile Servers
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;;
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;; # Python integration (libpython-clj)
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;; A lot of GIS work is done in Python. Creating documentation, tools, containers to
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;; make it quick/easy/simple to interact with Python from Clojure
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;; will make doing GIS work in Clojure more palatable.
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;;
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;; # Template Projects
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;; Some [deps-new](https://github.com/seancorfield/deps-new) or similar templates for
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;; getting started on GIS projects.
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;;
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;; # Existing articles for Clojure GIS
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;; Perhaps we can link to, rework or use some existing work including:
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;; - [Seattle Parks - Scicloj](https://scicloj.github.io/clojure-data-scrapbook/projects/geography/seattle-parks/index.html)
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;; - [Chicago Bikes - Scicloj](https://scicloj.github.io/clojure-data-scrapbook/projects/geography/chicago-bikes/index.html)
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;; - [Remote sensing water - Civitas](https://clojurecivitas.github.io/earth_observation/waterquality.html)
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;; - [Cesium - Civitas](https://clojurecivitas.github.io/cesium/geovis.html)
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;; - [Clojure Maps Examples](https://github.com/joannecheng/clojure-map-examples)
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^:kindly/hide-code
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(comment
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,
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(require '[scicloj.clay.v2.api :as clay])
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(clay/make! {:source-path "src/gis/roadmap.clj"
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:live-reload :toggle}))
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