diff --git a/pygmt/exceptions.py b/pygmt/exceptions.py
index 7fcfa4d6fb2..ae76cc12ff5 100644
--- a/pygmt/exceptions.py
+++ b/pygmt/exceptions.py
@@ -142,6 +142,9 @@ class GMTParameterError(GMTError):
        Name or a set of names of required parameters.
     at_least_one
        A set of parameter names, of which at least one must be specified.
+    at_most_one
+       A set of mutually exclusive parameter names, of which at most one can be
+       specified.
     reason
         Detailed reason why the parameters are invalid.
     """
@@ -151,6 +154,7 @@ def __init__(
         *,
         required: str | set[str] | None = None,
         at_least_one: set[str] | None = None,
+        at_most_one: set[str] | None = None,
         reason: str | None = None,
     ):
         msg = []
@@ -167,6 +171,12 @@ def __init__(
                 "Missing parameter: requires at least one of "
                 f"{', '.join(repr(par) for par in at_least_one)}."
             )
+        if at_most_one:
+            msg.append(
+                "Mutually exclusive parameters: "
+                f"{', '.join(repr(par) for par in at_most_one)}. "
+                "Specify at most one of them."
+            )
         if reason:
             msg.append(reason)
         super().__init__(" ".join(msg))
diff --git a/pygmt/src/grd2cpt.py b/pygmt/src/grd2cpt.py
index a09ac3aa4c2..0295c71f300 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/grd2cpt.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/grd2cpt.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from pygmt._typing import PathLike
 from pygmt.alias import Alias, AliasSystem
 from pygmt.clib import Session
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.helpers import build_arg_list, fmt_docstring, kwargs_to_strings, use_alias
 
 __doctest_skip__ = ["grd2cpt"]
@@ -199,8 +199,7 @@ def grd2cpt(
     >>> fig.show()
     """
     if kwargs.get("W") is not None and kwargs.get("Ww") is not None:
-        msg = "Set only 'categorical' or 'cyclic' to True, not both."
-        raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
+        raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one={"categorical", "cyclic"})
 
     if (output := kwargs.pop("H", None)) is not None:
         kwargs["H"] = True
diff --git a/pygmt/src/grdfill.py b/pygmt/src/grdfill.py
index 4825d934828..adaa50c17ca 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/grdfill.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/grdfill.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 from pygmt._typing import PathLike
 from pygmt.alias import Alias, AliasSystem
 from pygmt.clib import Session
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTParameterError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.helpers import build_arg_list, deprecate_parameter, fmt_docstring, use_alias
 
 __doctest_skip__ = ["grdfill"]
@@ -31,41 +31,31 @@ def _validate_params(
     >>> _validate_params(constant_fill=20.0, grid_fill="bggrid.nc")
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
-    pygmt.exceptions.GMTInvalidInput: Parameters ... are mutually exclusive.
+    pygmt.exceptions.GMTParameterError: Mutually exclusive parameters: ...
     >>> _validate_params(constant_fill=20.0, inquire=True)
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
-    pygmt.exceptions.GMTInvalidInput: Parameters ... are mutually exclusive.
+    pygmt.exceptions.GMTParameterError: Mutually exclusive parameters: ...
     >>> _validate_params()
     Traceback (most recent call last):
     ...
     pygmt.exceptions.GMTParameterError: Missing parameter: requires at least one ...
     """
-    _fill_params = "'constant_fill'/'grid_fill'/'neighbor_fill'/'spline_fill'"
-
-    n_given = sum(
-        param is not None and param is not False
-        for param in [
-            constant_fill,
-            grid_fill,
-            neighbor_fill,
-            spline_fill,
-            inquire,
-        ]
-    )
-    if n_given > 1:  # More than one mutually exclusive parameter is given.
-        msg = f"Parameters {_fill_params}/'inquire' are mutually exclusive."
-        raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
-    if n_given == 0:  # No parameters are given.
-        raise GMTParameterError(
-            at_least_one={
-                "constant_fill",
-                "grid_fill",
-                "neighbor_fill",
-                "spline_fill",
-                "inquire",
-            }
-        )
+    params = {
+        "constant_fill": constant_fill,
+        "grid_fill": grid_fill,
+        "neighbor_fill": neighbor_fill,
+        "spline_fill": spline_fill,
+        "inquire": inquire,
+    }
+    n_given = sum(param is not None and param is not False for param in params.values())
+    match n_given:
+        case 0:
+            raise GMTParameterError(at_least_one=params)
+        case 1:
+            pass
+        case _:
+            raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one=params)
 
 
 @fmt_docstring
diff --git a/pygmt/src/grdproject.py b/pygmt/src/grdproject.py
index 6a5290ef5e8..9ef2ced1cb2 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/grdproject.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/grdproject.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from pygmt._typing import PathLike
 from pygmt.alias import Alias, AliasSystem
 from pygmt.clib import Session
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTParameterError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.helpers import build_arg_list, fmt_docstring, use_alias
 
 __doctest_skip__ = ["grdproject"]
@@ -121,8 +121,7 @@ def grdproject(  # noqa: PLR0913
         raise GMTParameterError(required="projection")
 
     if kwargs.get("M", unit) is not None and kwargs.get("F", scaling) is not False:
-        msg = "Cannot use both 'unit' and 'scaling'."
-        raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
+        raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one={"unit", "scaling"})
 
     aliasdict = AliasSystem(
         C=Alias(center, name="center", sep="/", size=2),
diff --git a/pygmt/src/grdsample.py b/pygmt/src/grdsample.py
index ff96c31e7e1..7b799829e5d 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/grdsample.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/grdsample.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 from pygmt._typing import PathLike
 from pygmt.alias import Alias, AliasSystem
 from pygmt.clib import Session
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.helpers import (
     build_arg_list,
     deprecate_parameter,
@@ -100,10 +100,8 @@ def grdsample(
     >>> # and set both x- and y-spacings to 0.5 arc-degrees
     >>> new_grid = pygmt.grdsample(grid=grid, toggle=True, spacing=[0.5, 0.5])
     """
-    # Enforce mutual exclusivity between -T (toggle) and -r (registration)
     if kwargs.get("T", toggle) and kwargs.get("r", registration):
-        msg = "Parameters 'toggle' and 'registration' cannot be used together."
-        raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
+        raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one={"toggle", "registration"})
 
     aliasdict = AliasSystem(
         I=Alias(spacing, name="spacing", sep="/", size=2),
diff --git a/pygmt/src/grdtrack.py b/pygmt/src/grdtrack.py
index ed4c04bcb94..0286ea9690e 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/grdtrack.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/grdtrack.py
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@
 from pygmt._typing import PathLike, TableLike
 from pygmt.alias import AliasSystem
 from pygmt.clib import Session
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTParameterError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.helpers import (
     build_arg_list,
     fmt_docstring,
@@ -299,12 +299,10 @@ def grdtrack(
     ... )
     """
     if points is not None and kwargs.get("E") is not None:
-        msg = "Can't set both 'points' and 'profile'."
-        raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
+        raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one={"points", "profile"})
 
     if points is None and kwargs.get("E") is None:
-        msg = "Must give 'points' or set 'profile'."
-        raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
+        raise GMTParameterError(at_least_one={"points", "profile"})
 
     if hasattr(points, "columns") and newcolname is None:
         raise GMTParameterError(
diff --git a/pygmt/src/logo.py b/pygmt/src/logo.py
index c12bb1bbf05..3b220ee41c8 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/logo.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/logo.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from pygmt._typing import AnchorCode
 from pygmt.alias import Alias, AliasSystem
 from pygmt.clib import Session
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.helpers import build_arg_list, fmt_docstring
 from pygmt.params import Box, Position
 from pygmt.src._common import _parse_position
@@ -103,10 +103,8 @@ def logo(  # noqa: PLR0913
         kwdict={"width": width, "height": height},
     )
 
-    # width and height are mutually exclusive.
     if width is not None and height is not None:
-        msg = "Cannot specify both 'width' and 'height'."
-        raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
+        raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one={"width", "height"})
 
     aliasdict = AliasSystem(
         D=[
diff --git a/pygmt/src/makecpt.py b/pygmt/src/makecpt.py
index 4b9d3392927..1f6e504e053 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/makecpt.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/makecpt.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 
 from pygmt.alias import Alias, AliasSystem
 from pygmt.clib import Session
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.helpers import build_arg_list, fmt_docstring, kwargs_to_strings, use_alias
 
 
@@ -169,8 +169,7 @@ def makecpt(
         ``categorical=True``.
     """
     if kwargs.get("W") is not None and kwargs.get("Ww") is not None:
-        msg = "Set only categorical or cyclic to True, not both."
-        raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
+        raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one={"categorical", "cyclic"})
 
     if (output := kwargs.pop("H", None)) is not None:
         kwargs["H"] = True
diff --git a/pygmt/src/plot.py b/pygmt/src/plot.py
index f7c92bebc6e..54740704586 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/plot.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/plot.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from pygmt._typing import PathLike, TableLike
 from pygmt.alias import Alias, AliasSystem
 from pygmt.clib import Session
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTTypeError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError, GMTTypeError
 from pygmt.helpers import (
     build_arg_list,
     data_kind,
@@ -272,8 +272,7 @@ def plot(  # noqa: PLR0912, PLR0913
             data["symbol"] = symbol
     else:
         if any(v is not None for v in (x, y)):
-            msg = "Too much data. Use either data or x/y/z."
-            raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
+            raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one={"data", "x/y/z"})
         for name, value in [
             ("direction", direction),
             ("fill", kwargs.get("G")),
diff --git a/pygmt/src/plot3d.py b/pygmt/src/plot3d.py
index d4ce2940488..3f4e4b5cb5d 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/plot3d.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/plot3d.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 from pygmt._typing import PathLike, TableLike
 from pygmt.alias import Alias, AliasSystem
 from pygmt.clib import Session
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTTypeError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError, GMTTypeError
 from pygmt.helpers import (
     build_arg_list,
     data_kind,
@@ -252,8 +252,7 @@ def plot3d(  # noqa: PLR0912, PLR0913
             data["symbol"] = symbol
     else:
         if any(v is not None for v in (x, y, z)):
-            msg = "Too much data. Use either data or x/y/z."
-            raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
+            raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one={"data", "x/y/z"})
 
         for name, value in [
             ("direction", direction),
diff --git a/pygmt/src/subplot.py b/pygmt/src/subplot.py
index 0ef2ed37e34..62e37438be8 100644
--- a/pygmt/src/subplot.py
+++ b/pygmt/src/subplot.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 
 from pygmt.alias import Alias, AliasSystem
 from pygmt.clib import Session
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTValueError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError, GMTValueError
 from pygmt.helpers import build_arg_list, fmt_docstring, kwargs_to_strings, use_alias
 
 
@@ -166,8 +166,7 @@ def subplot(
         )
 
     if kwargs.get("Ff") and kwargs.get("Fs"):
-        msg = "Please provide either one of 'figsize' or 'subsize' only."
-        raise GMTInvalidInput(msg)
+        raise GMTParameterError(at_most_one={"figsize", "subsize"})
 
     aliasdict = AliasSystem(
         M=Alias(margins, name="margins", sep="/", size=(2, 4)),
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_grd2cpt.py b/pygmt/tests/test_grd2cpt.py
index 38e35a919a2..b50522475fb 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_grd2cpt.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_grd2cpt.py
@@ -6,7 +6,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 from pygmt import Figure, grd2cpt
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTTypeError, GMTValueError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError, GMTTypeError, GMTValueError
 from pygmt.helpers import GMTTempFile
 from pygmt.helpers.testing import load_static_earth_relief
 
@@ -70,5 +70,5 @@ def test_grd2cpt_categorical_and_cyclic(grid):
     """
     Use incorrect setting by setting both categorical and cyclic to True.
     """
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         grd2cpt(grid=grid, cmap="SCM/batlow", categorical=True, cyclic=True)
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_grdfill.py b/pygmt/tests/test_grdfill.py
index d52f3261f7f..66e7dc552d8 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_grdfill.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_grdfill.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 import xarray as xr
 from pygmt import grdfill
 from pygmt.enums import GridRegistration, GridType
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTParameterError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.helpers import GMTTempFile
 from pygmt.helpers.testing import load_static_earth_relief
 
@@ -154,5 +154,5 @@ def test_grdfill_inquire_and_fill(grid):
     """
     Test that grdfill fails if both inquire and fill parameters are given.
     """
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         grdfill(grid=grid, inquire=True, constant_fill=20)
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_grdproject.py b/pygmt/tests/test_grdproject.py
index 4207b4a4521..e1def13d90d 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_grdproject.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_grdproject.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import xarray as xr
 from pygmt import grdproject
 from pygmt.enums import GridRegistration, GridType
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTParameterError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.helpers import GMTTempFile
 from pygmt.helpers.testing import load_static_earth_relief
 
@@ -86,7 +86,7 @@ def test_grdproject_unit_scaling(grid):
     Test that the input validation to prevent passing both 'unit' and
     'scaling' is performed.
     """
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         grdproject(
             grid=grid,
             projection="M10c",
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_grdsample.py b/pygmt/tests/test_grdsample.py
index 43411573508..ce14ef99bb0 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_grdsample.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_grdsample.py
@@ -8,7 +8,7 @@
 import xarray as xr
 from pygmt import grdsample
 from pygmt.enums import GridRegistration, GridType
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.helpers import GMTTempFile
 from pygmt.helpers.testing import load_static_earth_relief
 
@@ -101,5 +101,5 @@ def test_grdsample_toggle_and_registration_mutually_exclusive(grid):
     """
     Raise an exception if toggle and registration are both set.
     """
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         grdsample(grid=grid, toggle=True, registration="pixel")
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_grdtrack.py b/pygmt/tests/test_grdtrack.py
index c6d45958094..4bedac10a24 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_grdtrack.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_grdtrack.py
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 import pandas as pd
 import pytest
 from pygmt import grdtrack
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTParameterError, GMTTypeError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError, GMTTypeError
 from pygmt.helpers import GMTTempFile
 from pygmt.helpers.testing import load_static_earth_relief
 
@@ -162,7 +162,7 @@ def test_grdtrack_no_points_and_profile(dataarray):
     """
     Run grdtrack but don't set 'points' and 'profile'.
     """
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         grdtrack(grid=dataarray)
 
 
@@ -170,5 +170,5 @@ def test_grdtrack_set_points_and_profile(dataarray, dataframe):
     """
     Run grdtrack but set both 'points' and 'profile'.
     """
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         grdtrack(grid=dataarray, points=dataframe, profile="BL/TR")
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_logo.py b/pygmt/tests/test_logo.py
index ad70acf62cd..95fc5fa8534 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_logo.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_logo.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 from pygmt import Figure
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTParameterError
 from pygmt.params import Position
 
 
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ def test_logo_width_and_height():
     Test that an error is raised when both width and height are specified.
     """
     fig = Figure()
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         fig.logo(width="5c", height="5c")
 
 
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_makecpt.py b/pygmt/tests/test_makecpt.py
index 5f9193e31e4..2f0d86bcaf4 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_makecpt.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_makecpt.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 from pygmt import Figure, makecpt
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTValueError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError, GMTValueError
 from pygmt.helpers import GMTTempFile
 
 POINTS_DATA = Path(__file__).parent / "data" / "points.txt"
@@ -166,5 +166,5 @@ def test_makecpt_categorical_and_cyclic():
     """
     Use incorrect setting by setting both categorical and cyclic to True.
     """
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         makecpt(cmap="SCM/batlow", categorical=True, cyclic=True)
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_plot.py b/pygmt/tests/test_plot.py
index 06d816457c9..20da1814cac 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_plot.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_plot.py
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@
 import pytest
 import xarray as xr
 from pygmt import Figure, which
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTTypeError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTParameterError, GMTTypeError
 from pygmt.helpers import GMTTempFile
 
 POINTS_DATA = Path(__file__).parent / "data" / "points.txt"
@@ -78,7 +78,7 @@ def test_plot_fail_no_data(data, region):
             frame="afg",
         )
     # Should also fail if given too much data
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         fig.plot(
             x=data[:, 0],
             y=data[:, 1],
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_plot3d.py b/pygmt/tests/test_plot3d.py
index f15f9101fad..caf9e3cdddd 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_plot3d.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_plot3d.py
@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@
 import numpy as np
 import pytest
 from pygmt import Figure
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTTypeError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTParameterError, GMTTypeError
 from pygmt.helpers import GMTTempFile
 
 POINTS_DATA = Path(__file__).parent / "data" / "points.txt"
@@ -97,7 +97,7 @@ def test_plot3d_fail_no_data(data, region):
         fig.plot3d(
             style="c0.2c", x=data[0], y=data[1], region=region, projection="X10c"
         )
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         fig.plot3d(
             style="c0.2c", data=data, x=data[0], region=region, projection="X10c"
         )
diff --git a/pygmt/tests/test_subplot.py b/pygmt/tests/test_subplot.py
index b6143c1ac21..5fd96cea60d 100644
--- a/pygmt/tests/test_subplot.py
+++ b/pygmt/tests/test_subplot.py
@@ -4,7 +4,7 @@
 
 import pytest
 from pygmt import Figure
-from pygmt.exceptions import GMTInvalidInput, GMTValueError
+from pygmt.exceptions import GMTParameterError, GMTValueError
 from pygmt.params import Position
 
 
@@ -90,7 +90,7 @@ def test_subplot_figsize_and_subsize_error():
     into subplot.
     """
     fig = Figure()
-    with pytest.raises(GMTInvalidInput):
+    with pytest.raises(GMTParameterError):
         with fig.subplot(figsize=("2c", "1c"), subsize=("2c", "1c")):
             pass