From 9c6bc2958b3c59f2fb28fc76b09dcbf880969384 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Tue, 3 Feb 2026 18:02:10 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 1/4] update fossil/nuclear fuel prices as in TYNDP 2024 --- docs/release_notes.rst | 2 ++ environment.yaml | 2 +- inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv | 1 - inputs/manual_input.csv | 21 ++++++++++++++++----- outputs/costs_2020.csv | 12 ++++++------ outputs/costs_2025.csv | 12 ++++++------ outputs/costs_2030.csv | 12 ++++++------ outputs/costs_2035.csv | 12 ++++++------ outputs/costs_2040.csv | 12 ++++++------ outputs/costs_2045.csv | 12 ++++++------ outputs/costs_2050.csv | 12 ++++++------ 11 files changed, 61 insertions(+), 49 deletions(-) diff --git a/docs/release_notes.rst b/docs/release_notes.rst index cee8d406..18ec5600 100644 --- a/docs/release_notes.rst +++ b/docs/release_notes.rst @@ -16,6 +16,8 @@ Upcoming Release .. The features listed below are not released yet, but will be part of the next release! .. To use the features already you have to use the ``master`` branch. +* Update fossil fuel and nuclear fuel costs based on TYNDP 2024 scenarios data. + * Adding `grey methanol synthesis`. * Align cost units for NREL battery data with PyPSA modeling, fetching investment cost and FOM for both `battery storage` and `battery inverter` instead of a single value for `battery storage`, which was instead representative of the full plant (battery storage + battery inverter). diff --git a/environment.yaml b/environment.yaml index ce3817aa..9c38a2a0 100644 --- a/environment.yaml +++ b/environment.yaml @@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ dependencies: - pip # for running the package - snakemake-minimal>=8.5,<8.25 # See https://github.com/snakemake/snakemake/issues/3202 -- pandas>=2.1 +- pandas>=2.1,<3 - pypsa - pyarrow - numpy diff --git a/inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv b/inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv index 4063505b..c226ac4c 100644 --- a/inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv +++ b/inputs/costs_PyPSA.csv @@ -48,7 +48,6 @@ oil,2030,VOM,3,EUR/MWhel,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 biomass,2030,fuel,7,EUR/MWhth,IEA2011b biogas,2030,fuel,59,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa solid biomass,2030,fuel,25.2,EUR/MWhth,JRC and Zappa -oil,2030,fuel,50,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf PHS,2030,efficiency,0.75,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 hydro,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 ror,2030,efficiency,0.9,per unit,DIW DataDoc http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 diff --git a/inputs/manual_input.csv b/inputs/manual_input.csv index 6597ff1f..86fc1499 100644 --- a/inputs/manual_input.csv +++ b/inputs/manual_input.csv @@ -353,21 +353,27 @@ nuclear,FOM,2020,1.27,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - nuclear,VOM,2020,4.24,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) ." nuclear,lifetime,2020,40,years,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.", nuclear,efficiency,2020,0.326,p.u.,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260." -nuclear,fuel,2020,3,EUR/MWh_th,2010,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data. -uranium,fuel,2020,3,EUR/MWh_th,2010,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data. +nuclear,fuel,2030,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh." +uranium,fuel,2030,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh." coal,investment,2020,4575.69,EUR/kW_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR)." coal,FOM,2020,1.31,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100." coal,VOM,2020,3.89908256880734,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR)." coal,lifetime,2020,40,years,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.", coal,efficiency,2020,0.356,p.u.,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up." -coal,fuel,2020,8.4,EUR/MWh_th,2010,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t." +coal,fuel,2030,6.4,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh" +coal,fuel,2040,5.9,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh" +coal,fuel,2050,5.5,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh" lignite,investment,2020,4575.69,EUR/kW_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf ." lignite,FOM,2020,1.31,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . " lignite,VOM,2020,3.89908256880734,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . " lignite,lifetime,2020,40,years,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . " lignite,efficiency,2020,0.33,p.u.,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . " -lignite,fuel,2020,2.9,EUR/MWh_th,2010,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t." -gas,fuel,2020,21.6,EUR/MWh_th,2010,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data. +lignite,fuel,2030,6.5,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on Booze&co data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, Lignite G2 (SK - DE - RS - PL - ME - UKNI - BA - IE)." +gas,fuel,2020,9.248,EUR/MWh_th,2020,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.85 USD/EUR" +gas,fuel,2025,34.12,EUR/MWh_th,2025,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.836 USD/EUR" +gas,fuel,2030,22.6,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh" +gas,fuel,2040,20.3,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh" +gas,fuel,2050,18.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh" organic rankine cycle,lifetime,2020,30,years,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551", organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,2020,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C." organic rankine cycle,FOM,2020,2,%/year,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551","Both for flash, binary and ORC plants. See Supplemental Material for details" @@ -623,3 +629,8 @@ H2 production biomass gasification CC,VOM,2020,0.46,EUR/MWh_H2,2010,"JRC, 01_JRC grey methanol synthesis,efficiency,2030,0.569,MWh_MeOH/MWh_gas,2020,"From https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0016236119311767, table 2, Methanol Synthesis with integrated autothermal reforming. Efficiency is the exergetic efficiency ", grey methanol synthesis,carbondioxide-output,2030,0.0567742,t_CO2/MWh_gas,2020,"Calculated from the carbon content of gas (0.198 t_CO2/MWh) compared to the carbon content of MeOH (0.2482 t_CO2/MWh)", grey methanol synthesis,investment,2030,1001188,EUR/MW_MeOH,2020,"Calculated from https://www.irena.org/-/media/Files/IRENA/Agency/Publication/2021/Jan/IRENA_Innovation_Renewable_Methanol_2021.pdf) Table 25 with an exchange rate of 0.8775 EUR/USD and energy content of 5.528 MWh_MeOH/t_MeOH", +oil,fuel,2020,21.3,EUR/MWh,2020,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.85 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil" +oil,fuel,2025,34.2,EUR/MWh,2025,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.836 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil" +oil,fuel,2030,34.7,EUR/MWh,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)" +oil,fuel,2040,33.6,EUR/MWh,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)" +oil,fuel,2050,32.5,EUR/MWh,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)" \ No newline at end of file diff --git a/outputs/costs_2020.csv b/outputs/costs_2020.csv index d612abc2..8b658be1 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2020.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2020.csv @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid- coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 +coal,fuel,6.2196,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2021.0 coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 csp-tower,FOM,1.0,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 @@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ fuel cell,investment,1375.6881,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,15.9997,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +gas,fuel,9.248,EUR/MWh_th,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.85 USD/EUR; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.836 USD/EUR; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2020.0 gas boiler steam,FOM,3.6667,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,VOM,1.1077,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.92,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendiox lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 +lignite,fuel,6.3168,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on Booze&co data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, Lignite G2 (SK - DE - RS - PL - ME - UKNI - BA - IE).",2021.0 lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +nuclear,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.5093,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t die oil,FOM,2.5656,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +oil,fuel,21.3,EUR/MWh,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.85 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.836 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)",2020.0 oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 onwind,FOM,1.2514,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +uranium,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.4016,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,28.8648,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2826,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2025.csv b/outputs/costs_2025.csv index e1e1c1c4..9e7e908b 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2025.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2025.csv @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid- coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 +coal,fuel,6.2196,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2021.0 coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 csp-tower,FOM,1.05,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 @@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ fuel cell,investment,1269.866,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_ fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,15.261,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +gas,fuel,34.12,EUR/MWh_th,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.85 USD/EUR; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.836 USD/EUR; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2020.0 gas boiler steam,FOM,3.9,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,VOM,1.0574,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.925,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendiox lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 +lignite,fuel,6.3168,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on Booze&co data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, Lignite G2 (SK - DE - RS - PL - ME - UKNI - BA - IE).",2021.0 lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +nuclear,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.3741,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t die oil,FOM,2.5143,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +oil,fuel,34.2,EUR/MWh,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.85 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.836 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)",2020.0 oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 onwind,FOM,1.2347,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +uranium,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3789,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,28.4644,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2872,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2030.csv b/outputs/costs_2030.csv index 81e8ceeb..83874863 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2030.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2030.csv @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid- coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 +coal,fuel,6.2196,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2021.0 coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 csp-tower,FOM,1.1,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 @@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ fuel cell,investment,1164.0438,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,14.5224,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +gas,fuel,22.6,EUR/MWh_th,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.85 USD/EUR; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.836 USD/EUR; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2020.0 gas boiler steam,FOM,4.18,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendiox lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 +lignite,fuel,6.3168,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on Booze&co data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, Lignite G2 (SK - DE - RS - PL - ME - UKNI - BA - IE).",2021.0 lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +nuclear,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.3185,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t die oil,FOM,2.463,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +oil,fuel,34.7,EUR/MWh,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.85 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.836 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)",2020.0 oil,investment,362.97,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 onwind,FOM,1.2167,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +uranium,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.355,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,28.064,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2918,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2035.csv b/outputs/costs_2035.csv index 3ec9f1b1..9c5cf4b6 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2035.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2035.csv @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid- coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 +coal,fuel,5.9767,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2021.0 coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 csp-tower,FOM,1.2,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 @@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ fuel cell,investment,1084.6772,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,13.8577,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +gas,fuel,21.45,EUR/MWh_th,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.85 USD/EUR; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.836 USD/EUR; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2020.0 gas boiler steam,FOM,4.07,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendiox lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 +lignite,fuel,6.3168,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on Booze&co data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, Lignite G2 (SK - DE - RS - PL - ME - UKNI - BA - IE).",2021.0 lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +nuclear,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.25,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t die oil,FOM,2.4498,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +oil,fuel,34.15,EUR/MWh,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.85 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.836 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)",2020.0 oil,investment,361.1181,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 onwind,FOM,1.2017,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +uranium,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3408,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,27.8042,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2947,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2040.csv b/outputs/costs_2040.csv index 23e2ab18..4b0cc689 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2040.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2040.csv @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid- coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 +coal,fuel,5.7337,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2021.0 coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 csp-tower,FOM,1.3,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 @@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ fuel cell,investment,1005.3105,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,13.193,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +gas,fuel,20.3,EUR/MWh_th,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.85 USD/EUR; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.836 USD/EUR; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2020.0 gas boiler steam,FOM,3.96,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.93,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendiox lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 +lignite,fuel,6.3168,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on Booze&co data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, Lignite G2 (SK - DE - RS - PL - ME - UKNI - BA - IE).",2021.0 lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +nuclear,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.1762,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t die oil,FOM,2.4365,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +oil,fuel,33.6,EUR/MWh,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.85 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.836 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)",2020.0 oil,investment,359.2662,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 onwind,FOM,1.1858,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +uranium,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3255,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,27.5443,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.2976,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2045.csv b/outputs/costs_2045.csv index 92a95db2..f4b8f34f 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2045.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2045.csv @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid- coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 +coal,fuel,5.5394,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2021.0 coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 csp-tower,FOM,1.35,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 @@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ fuel cell,investment,925.9439,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_ fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,12.5949,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +gas,fuel,19.2,EUR/MWh_th,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.85 USD/EUR; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.836 USD/EUR; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2020.0 gas boiler steam,FOM,3.85,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.935,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendiox lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 +lignite,fuel,6.3168,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on Booze&co data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, Lignite G2 (SK - DE - RS - PL - ME - UKNI - BA - IE).",2021.0 lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +nuclear,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.1709,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t die oil,FOM,2.4231,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +oil,fuel,33.05,EUR/MWh,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.85 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.836 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)",2020.0 oil,investment,357.4144,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 onwind,FOM,1.1817,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +uranium,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.3092,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,27.2845,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.3005,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 diff --git a/outputs/costs_2050.csv b/outputs/costs_2050.csv index 78b1a6c4..d7db9157 100644 --- a/outputs/costs_2050.csv +++ b/outputs/costs_2050.csv @@ -848,7 +848,7 @@ coal,CO2 intensity,0.3361,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendioxid- coal,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100.",2023.0 coal,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,efficiency,0.356,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up.",2023.0 -coal,fuel,9.5542,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 99 USD/t.",2010.0 +coal,fuel,5.345,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2021.0 coal,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR).",2023.0 coal,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 csp-tower,FOM,1.4,%/year,ATB CSP data (https://atb.nrel.gov/electricity/2021/concentrating_solar_power),Ratio between CAPEX and FOM from ATB database for “moderate” scenario.,2020.0 @@ -1012,7 +1012,7 @@ fuel cell,investment,846.5773,EUR/kW_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_ fuel cell,lifetime,10.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",12 LT-PEMFC CHP: Technical lifetime,2015.0 fuelwood,fuel,11.9967,EUR/MWhth,"JRC ENSPRESO ca avg for MINBIOWOO (FuelwoodRW), ENS_BaU_GFTM",,2010.0 gas,CO2 intensity,0.198,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 50 GJ/t CH4,, -gas,fuel,24.568,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +gas,fuel,18.1,EUR/MWh_th,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.85 USD/EUR; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.836 USD/EUR; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh",2020.0 gas boiler steam,FOM,3.74,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Fixed O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,VOM,1.007,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx",311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Variable O&M,2019.0 gas boiler steam,efficiency,0.94,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_industrial_process_heat.xlsx","311.1c Steam boiler Gas: Total efficiency, net, annual average",2019.0 @@ -1087,7 +1087,7 @@ lignite,CO2 intensity,0.4069,tCO2/MWh_th,Entwicklung der spezifischen Kohlendiox lignite,FOM,1.31,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,VOM,3.2612,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 lignite,efficiency,0.33,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. 1 / ((8.75+12) MMbtu/MWh_th /2 / (3.4095 MMbtu/MWh_th)), rounded up. Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 -lignite,fuel,3.2985,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on IEA 2011 data, 10 USD/t.",2010.0 +lignite,fuel,6.3168,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on Booze&co data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, Lignite G2 (SK - DE - RS - PL - ME - UKNI - BA - IE).",2021.0 lignite,investment,3827.1629,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR). Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf .",2023.0 lignite,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Note: Assume same costs as for hard coal, as cost structure is apparently comparable, see https://diglib.tugraz.at/download.php?id=6093e88b63f93&location=browse and https://iea.blob.core.windows.net/assets/ae17da3d-e8a5-4163-a3ec-2e6fb0b5677d/Projected-Costs-of-Generating-Electricity-2020.pdf . ",2023.0 methanation,FOM,3.0,%/year,"Agora Energiewende (2018): The Future Cost of Electricity-Based Synthetic Fuels (https://www.agora-energiewende.de/en/publications/the-future-cost-of-electricity-based-synthetic-fuels-1/), section 6.2.3.1",,2017.0 @@ -1135,7 +1135,7 @@ natural gas direct iron reduction furnace,ore-input,1.59,t_ore/t_hbi,"Mission Po nuclear,FOM,1.27,%/year,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (131.5+152.75)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) relative to investment costs.",2023.0 nuclear,VOM,3.5464,EUR/MWh_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (4.25+5)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,efficiency,0.326,p.u.,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260.",2023.0 -nuclear,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +nuclear,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 nuclear,investment,8594.1354,EUR/kW_e,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","U.S. specific costs including newly commissioned Vogtle plant, average of range and currency converted, i.e. (8475+13925)/2 USD/kW_e / (1.09 USD/EUR) .",2023.0 nuclear,lifetime,40.0,years,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.",,2023.0 offwind,FOM,2.1655,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","21 Offshore turbines: Fixed O&M [EUR/MW_e/y, 2020]",2020.0 @@ -1158,7 +1158,7 @@ oil,CO2 intensity,0.2571,tCO2/MWh_th,Stoichiometric calculation with 44 GJ/t die oil,FOM,2.4095,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Fixed O&M,2015.0 oil,VOM,6.3493,EUR/MWh,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Variable O&M,2015.0 oil,efficiency,0.35,per unit,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","50 Diesel engine farm: Electricity efficiency, annual average",2015.0 -oil,fuel,52.9111,EUR/MWhth,IEA WEM2017 97USD/boe = http://www.iea.org/media/weowebsite/2017/WEM_Documentation_WEO2017.pdf, from old pypsa cost assumptions,2015.0 +oil,fuel,32.5,EUR/MWh,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets; and ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.85 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 0.564 BBL, 0.836 USD/EUR, +5% markup for heavy oil; and Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh, heavy oil, modelled from crude oil price (+5%)",2020.0 oil,investment,355.5625,EUR/kW,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Specific investment,2015.0 oil,lifetime,25.0,years,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",50 Diesel engine farm: Technical lifetime,2015.0 onwind,FOM,1.1775,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx",20 Onshore turbines: Fixed O&M,2015.0 @@ -1222,7 +1222,7 @@ steel carbon capture retrofit,electricity-input,0.16,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleu steel carbon capture retrofit,gas-input,0.76,MWh/tCO2,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-20, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,investment,3561435.753,USD/(tCO2/h),"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-18, accessed 2025-04-16","Capital cost 1342 million USD, CO2 Volume captured 3324000 t/year",2019.0 steel carbon capture retrofit,lifetime,20.0,years,"National Petroleum Council, Meeting the Dual Challenge - A Roadmap to At-Scale Deployment of Carbon Capture, Use, and Storage: https://dualchallenge.npc.org/files/CCUS-Chap_2-030521.pdf, p2-21, accessed 2025-04-16",,2019.0 -uranium,fuel,3.4122,EUR/MWh_th,"DIW (2013): Current and propsective costs of electricity generation until 2050, http://hdl.handle.net/10419/80348 , pg. 80 text below figure 10, accessed: 2023-12-14.",Based on IEA 2011 data.,2010.0 +uranium,fuel,5.9281,EUR/MWh_th,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh.",2021.0 waste CHP,FOM,2.2917,%/year,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Fixed O&M",2015.0 waste CHP,VOM,27.0247,EUR/MWh_e,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Variable O&M ",2015.0 waste CHP,c_b,0.3034,50°C/100°C,"Danish Energy Agency, inputs/technology_data_for_el_and_dh.xlsx","08 WtE CHP, Large, 50 degree: Cb coefficient",2015.0 From 06c6766a878c9fc88f65a17b457c519d8c32db96 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Wed, 4 Feb 2026 11:16:44 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 2/4] Update inputs/manual_input.csv Co-authored-by: Johannes HAMPP <42553970+euronion@users.noreply.github.com> --- inputs/manual_input.csv | 1 - 1 file changed, 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/inputs/manual_input.csv b/inputs/manual_input.csv index 86fc1499..a7efe352 100644 --- a/inputs/manual_input.csv +++ b/inputs/manual_input.csv @@ -372,7 +372,6 @@ lignite,fuel,2030,6.5,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inp gas,fuel,2020,9.248,EUR/MWh_th,2020,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.85 USD/EUR" gas,fuel,2025,34.12,EUR/MWh_th,2025,"World Bank (2025) Commodity Markets, https://www.worldbank.org/en/research/commodity-markets","average monthly prices, 1 MWh = 3.412142 MMBTU, 0.836 USD/EUR" gas,fuel,2030,22.6,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh" -gas,fuel,2040,20.3,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh" gas,fuel,2050,18.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on IEA 2022 (APS) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh" organic rankine cycle,lifetime,2020,30,years,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551", organic rankine cycle,electricity-input,2020,0.12,MWh_el/MWh_th,2020,"Aghahosseini, Breyer 2020: From hot rock to useful energy: A global estimate of enhanced geothermal systems potential, https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0306261920312551; Breede et al. 2015: Overcoming challenges in the classification of deep geothermal potential, https://eprints.gla.ac.uk/169585/","Heat-input, Electricity-output. This is a rough estimate, depends on input temperature, implies ~150 C." From 5456a750ef1fe5264b949168f5a9368726cbdd81 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Wed, 4 Feb 2026 11:16:54 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 3/4] Update inputs/manual_input.csv Co-authored-by: Johannes HAMPP <42553970+euronion@users.noreply.github.com> --- inputs/manual_input.csv | 2 ++ 1 file changed, 2 insertions(+) diff --git a/inputs/manual_input.csv b/inputs/manual_input.csv index a7efe352..e74b465d 100644 --- a/inputs/manual_input.csv +++ b/inputs/manual_input.csv @@ -355,6 +355,8 @@ nuclear,lifetime,2020,40,years,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis nuclear,efficiency,2020,0.326,p.u.,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Based on heat rate of 10.45 MMBtu/MWh_e and 3.4095 MMBtu/MWh_th, i.e. 1/(10.45/3.4095) = 0.3260." nuclear,fuel,2030,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh." uranium,fuel,2030,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh." +nuclear,fuel,2050,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh." +uranium,fuel,2050,6.1,EUR/MWh_th,2021,"ENTSO-E & ENTSOG TYNDP 2024 Scenarios Inputs Commodity Prices, https://2024-data.entsos-tyndp-scenarios.eu/files/scenarios-inputs/Prices.zip, accessed: 2026-02-03.","Based on EIA (2022) data, 3.6 GJ/MWh." coal,investment,2020,4575.69,EUR/kW_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Higher costs include coal plants with CCS, but since using here for calculating the average nevertheless. Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3200+6775) USD/kW_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR)." coal,FOM,2020,1.31,%/year,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (39.5+91.25) USD/kW_e/a /2 / (1.09 USD/EUR) / investment cost * 100." coal,VOM,2020,3.89908256880734,EUR/MWh_e,2023,"Lazard's levelized cost of energy analysis - version 16.0 (2023): https://www.lazard.com/media/typdgxmm/lazards-lcoeplus-april-2023.pdf , pg. 49 (Levelized Cost of Energy - Key Assumptions), accessed: 2023-12-14.","Calculated based on average of listed range, i.e. (3+5.5)USD/MWh_e/2 / (1.09 USD/EUR)." From 0509ca7ce343fd6b269522cf75417ed47c7a10d5 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001 From: Fabian Neumann Date: Wed, 4 Feb 2026 11:17:41 +0100 Subject: [PATCH 4/4] Update docs/release_notes.rst Co-authored-by: Johannes HAMPP <42553970+euronion@users.noreply.github.com> --- docs/release_notes.rst | 2 +- 1 file changed, 1 insertion(+), 1 deletion(-) diff --git a/docs/release_notes.rst b/docs/release_notes.rst index 18ec5600..a1c66f40 100644 --- a/docs/release_notes.rst +++ b/docs/release_notes.rst @@ -16,7 +16,7 @@ Upcoming Release .. The features listed below are not released yet, but will be part of the next release! .. To use the features already you have to use the ``master`` branch. -* Update fossil fuel and nuclear fuel costs based on TYNDP 2024 scenarios data. +* Update fossil fuel (gas, oil, lignite) and nuclear fuel (nuclear, uranium) costs based on TYNDP 2024 scenarios data. * Adding `grey methanol synthesis`.