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lectures/muth_kalman.md

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@@ -95,7 +95,7 @@ The lecture [First Look at Kalman Filter](https://python-intro.quantecon.org/kal
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We'll use limiting versions of the Kalman filter corresponding to what are called **stationary values** in that lecture.
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## A Process for Which Adaptive Expectations are Optimal
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## A process for which adaptive expectations are optimal
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Suppose that an observable $y_t$ is the sum of an unobserved
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random walk $x_t$ and an IID shock $\epsilon_{2,t}$:
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ssk = LinearStateSpace(Ak, Ck, Gk, Hk, mu_0=x_hat_0)
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```
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## Some Useful State-Space Math
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## Some useful state-space math
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Now we want to map the time-invariant innovations representation {eq}`innovations` and
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the original state-space system {eq}`state-space` into a convenient form for deducing
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We can now investigate how these
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variables are related by plotting some key objects.
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## Estimates of Unobservables
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## Estimates of unobservables
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First, let’s plot the hidden state $x_t$ and the filtered version
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$\hat x_t$ that is linear-least squares projection of $x_t$
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For Friedman, $\hat x_t$ and not $x_t$ is the consumer’s
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idea about her/his *permanent income*.
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## Relationship of Unobservables to Observables
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## Relationship of unobservables to observables
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Now let’s plot $x_t$ and $y_t$.
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plt.show()
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```
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## MA and AR Representations
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## MA and AR representations
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Now we shall extract from the `Kalman` instance `kmuth` coefficients of
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