Add math-based power of two check and input validation

Introduced is_power_of_two_math using math.log2 for educational purposes. Added type and value checks to both implementations for robustness, raising appropriate exceptions for invalid input.

Author: ArunKishoreVoleti

bit_manipulation/is_power_of_two.py

@@ -12,6 +12,20 @@
 n - 1 = 0..011..11
 
 n & (n - 1) - no intersections = 0
+
+New Implementation Author: Arun
+Date: 16th October, 2025
+
+Change Notes:
+- Added type checks and value checks for robustness.
+- Added an alternative method using math.log2 for educational purposes.
+
+New Implementation Details:
+- The function raises a ValueError if the input number is negative.
+- The function raises a TypeError if the input is not an integer.
+- Uses math.log2 to get the exponent and checks if it's an integer.
+- For all powers of 2, log2 will yield an integer value.
+- For non-powers of 2, log2 will yield a non-integer value.
 """
 
 
@@ -50,8 +64,35 @@ def is_power_of_two(number: int) -> bool:
         raise ValueError("number must not be negative")
     return number & (number - 1) == 0
 
+def is_power_of_two_math(number: int) -> bool:
+    from math import log2
+    """
+    Alternative method using math.log2 to check if number is a power of 2.
+    
+    >>> is_power_of_two_math(0)
+    True
+    >>> is_power_of_two_math(1)
+    True
+    >>> is_power_of_two_math(2)
+    True
+    >>> is_power_of_two_math(6)
+    False
+    >>> is_power_of_two_math(16)
+    True
+    """
+    if not isinstance(number, int):
+        raise TypeError("number must be an integer")
+    if number < 0:
+        raise ValueError("number must not be negative")
+    
+    if number == 0:
+        return True
+    
+    value = log2(number)
+    return value == int(value)
 
 if __name__ == "__main__":
     import doctest
 
     doctest.testmod()
+