feat(bit_manipulation): add swap_bits function with doctests and validation

Author: swet40

bit_manipulation/binary_swap_bits.py

@@ -0,0 +1,68 @@
+"""
+Swap two bits at given positions in a non-negative integer using bitwise operators.
+
+Wikipedia reference:
+https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bit_manipulation
+"""
+
+
+def swap_bits(number: int, i: int, j: int) -> int:
+    """
+    Swap the bits at the position i and j (0-indexed from right side)
+
+    Arguments:
+            number (int): Non-negative integer whose bits are to be swapped.
+            i (int): Index of 1st bit to swap.
+            j (int): Index of 2nd bit to swap.
+
+    Returns:
+            int: Integer obtained after swapping of bits.
+
+    Raises:
+            TypeError: If argument is not an Integer
+            ValueError: Invalid argument or bit positions.
+
+    Examples:
+            >>> swap_bits(28, 0, 2)   # 11100 -> swap rightmost bits 0 and 2
+            25
+            >>> swap_bits(15, 1, 2)   # 1111 -> swapping the bits 1 and 2
+            15
+            >>> swap_bits(10, 0, 3)   # 1010 -> swap the bits 0 and 3
+            3
+            >>> swap_bits(10.5, 0, 3)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+                ...
+            TypeError: All arguments MUST be integers!
+            >>> swap_bits(-5, 1, 3)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+                ...
+            ValueError: The number MUST be non-negative!
+            >>> swap_bits(10, -1, 2)
+            Traceback (most recent call last):
+                ...
+            ValueError: Bit positions MUST be non-negative!
+            """
+    if not all(isinstance(x, int) for x in (number, i, j)):
+        raise TypeError("All arguments MUST be integers!")
+
+    if number < 0:
+        raise ValueError("The number MUST be non-negative!")
+
+    if i < 0 or j < 0:
+        raise ValueError("Bit positions MUST be non-negative!")
+
+    # Extraction of Bits
+    bit_first = (number >> i) & 1
+    bit_second = (number >> j) & 1
+
+    # If bits differ swap them
+    if bit_first != bit_second:
+        number ^= (1 << i) | (1 << j)
+
+    return number
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    import doctest
+
+    doctest.testmod()