MINOR: [CI] Bump actions/setup-python from 5 to 6

Bumps [actions/setup-python](https://github.com/actions/setup-python) from 5 to 6.
- [Release notes](https://github.com/actions/setup-python/releases)
- [Commits](actions/setup-python@v5...v6)

---
updated-dependencies:
- dependency-name: actions/setup-python
  dependency-version: '6'
  dependency-type: direct:production
  update-type: version-update:semver-major
...

Signed-off-by: dependabot[bot] <support@github.com>

Author: dependabot[bot]

.github/workflows/dev.yml

@@ -38,7 +38,7 @@ jobs:
           fetch-depth: 0
           persist-credentials: false
 
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@v5
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@v6
         with:
           python-version: '3.x'
       - name: pre-commit (cache)

.github/workflows/rc.yml

@@ -201,7 +201,7 @@ jobs:
           repository: apache/parquet-testing
           path: arrow/cpp/submodules/parquet-testing
       - name: Set up Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@0b93645e9fea7318ecaed2b359559ac225c90a2b # v5.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           cache: 'pip'
           python-version: 3.12
@@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ jobs:
       contents: read
       packages: write
     steps:
-      - uses: actions/setup-python@0b93645e9fea7318ecaed2b359559ac225c90a2b # v5.3.0
+      - uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           cache: 'pip'
       - name: Download source archive

.github/workflows/test.yml

@@ -191,7 +191,7 @@ jobs:
           key: integration-conda-${{ hashFiles('cpp/**') }}
           restore-keys: integration-conda-
       - name: Setup Python
-        uses: actions/setup-python@0b93645e9fea7318ecaed2b359559ac225c90a2b # v5.3.0
+        uses: actions/setup-python@e797f83bcb11b83ae66e0230d6156d7c80228e7c # v6.0.0
         with:
           python-version: 3.12
       - name: Setup Archery