diff --git a/.emmyrc.json b/.emmyrc.json
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..c1a24f3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.emmyrc.json
@@ -0,0 +1,28 @@
+{
+ "$schema": "https://raw.githubusercontent.com/EmmyLuaLs/emmylua-analyzer-rust/refs/heads/main/crates/emmylua_code_analysis/resources/schema.json",
+ "runtime": {
+ "version": "LuaJIT"
+ },
+ "workspace": {
+ "userThirdParty": [
+ "/Users/demiller/git/lua-addons"
+ ],
+ "library": [
+ ],
+ "useGitIgnore": false,
+ "ignoreDir": [
+ ".claude",
+ ".git",
+ ".idea",
+ ".venv",
+ "build",
+ "dist",
+ "node_modules"
+ ]
+ },
+ "diagnostics": {
+ "disable": [
+ "unnecessary-assert"
+ ]
+ }
+}
diff --git a/.github/workflows/build.yml b/.github/workflows/build.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..0b3059a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/build.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,122 @@
+name: Lua Tests
+
+on:
+ push:
+ branches: [ main, master ]
+ pull_request:
+ branches: [ main, master ]
+
+concurrency:
+ group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
+ cancel-in-progress: true
+
+jobs:
+ check:
+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+ name: Check
+ steps:
+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+ - name: Setup Lua
+ uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v11
+ with:
+ luaVersion: '5.4'
+
+ - name: Setup LuaRocks
+ uses: leafo/gh-actions-luarocks@v5
+ with:
+ luarocksVersion: "3.12.2"
+
+ - name: Install luacheck
+ run: luarocks install luacheck
+
+ - name: Install stylua
+ uses: JohnnyMorganz/stylua-action@v4
+ with:
+ token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
+ version: v2.1.0
+ args: false # Will be run as part of `make check`
+
+ - name: Check
+ run: make check
+
+ test:
+ needs: check
+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+ continue-on-error: false
+ strategy:
+ fail-fast: true
+ matrix:
+ lua-version: ['5.1', '5.2', '5.3', '5.4', 'luajit-2.0', 'luajit-2.1']
+
+ name: Lua ${{ matrix.lua-version }}
+ steps:
+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+ - name: Setup Lua
+ uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v11
+ with:
+ luaVersion: ${{ matrix.lua-version }}
+
+ - name: Setup tests
+ run: |
+ # Set the correct binary name based on the Lua version
+ if [[ "${{ matrix.lua-version }}" == luajit* ]]; then
+ LUA_BINARY=luajit
+ else
+ LUA_BINARY=lua
+ fi
+
+ echo "LUA_BINARY=$LUA_BINARY" >> "$GITHUB_ENV"
+ ${LUA_BINARY} -v
+
+ - name: Run tests
+ run: |
+ make test-all
+
+ build:
+ needs: test
+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+ name: Build Combined Module
+ steps:
+ - uses: actions/checkout@v4
+
+ - name: Setup Lua
+ uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v11
+ with:
+ luaVersion: '5.4'
+
+ - name: Setup LuaRocks
+ uses: leafo/gh-actions-luarocks@v5
+ with:
+ luarocksVersion: "3.12.2"
+
+ - name: Install amalg
+ run: luarocks install amalg
+
+ - name: Build combined module
+ run: make build
+
+ - name: Verify build
+ run: |
+ # Check default build
+ if [ -f "build/bitn.lua" ]; then
+ echo "✅ build/bitn.lua exists ($(wc -c < "build/bitn.lua") bytes)"
+ # Quick sanity check - make sure it contains expected content
+ if grep -q "bitn" build/bitn.lua; then
+ echo "✅ Build contains expected content"
+ else
+ echo "❌ Build seems corrupted"
+ exit 1
+ fi
+ else
+ echo "❌ build/bitn.lua missing"
+ exit 1
+ fi
+
+ - name: Upload artifacts
+ uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
+ with:
+ name: bitn.lua
+ path: build/bitn.lua
+ retention-days: 30
diff --git a/.github/workflows/release.yml b/.github/workflows/release.yml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..f5989f2
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.github/workflows/release.yml
@@ -0,0 +1,47 @@
+name: Release
+
+on:
+ push:
+ tags:
+ - 'v*'
+
+permissions:
+ contents: write
+
+jobs:
+ release:
+ runs-on: ubuntu-latest
+ steps:
+ - name: Checkout code
+ uses: actions/checkout@v4
+ with:
+ fetch-depth: 0
+
+ - name: Setup Lua
+ uses: leafo/gh-actions-lua@v11
+ with:
+ luaVersion: '5.4'
+
+ - name: Setup LuaRocks
+ uses: leafo/gh-actions-luarocks@v5
+ with:
+ luarocksVersion: "3.12.2"
+
+ - name: Install amalg
+ run: luarocks install amalg
+
+ - name: Build combined module
+ run: |
+ # The make build command will automatically inject the version from the git tag
+ make build
+
+ - name: Create Release
+ uses: softprops/action-gh-release@v1
+ with:
+ draft: false
+ prerelease: ${{ contains(github.ref_name, '-rc') || contains(github.ref_name, '-beta') || contains(github.ref_name, '-alpha') }}
+ name: Release ${{ github.ref_name }}
+ tag_name: ${{ github.ref }}
+ generate_release_notes: true
+ files: |
+ build/bitn.lua
diff --git a/.gitignore b/.gitignore
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..284737f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.gitignore
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+# Compiled Lua sources
+luac.out
+
+# luarocks build files
+*.src.rock
+*.zip
+*.tar.gz
+
+# Object files
+*.o
+*.os
+*.ko
+*.obj
+*.elf
+
+# Precompiled Headers
+*.gch
+*.pch
+
+# Libraries
+*.lib
+*.a
+*.la
+*.lo
+*.def
+*.exp
+
+# Shared objects (inc. Windows DLLs)
+*.dll
+*.so
+*.so.*
+*.dylib
+
+# Executables
+*.exe
+*.out
+*.app
+*.i*86
+*.x86_64
+*.hex
+
+# Build artifacts
+build/
diff --git a/.luacheckrc b/.luacheckrc
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..34544ed
--- /dev/null
+++ b/.luacheckrc
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+std = "min"
+globals = {
+ unpack = {}
+}
+ignore = {
+ "212/_.*",
+ "211/_.*",
+ "213/_.*",
+}
+compat = true
+unused_args = false
+max_line_length = false
diff --git a/CLAUDE.md b/CLAUDE.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5760f01
--- /dev/null
+++ b/CLAUDE.md
@@ -0,0 +1,110 @@
+# lua-bitn Development Guide
+
+## Project Structure
+
+```
+lua-bitn/
+├── src/bitn/
+│ ├── init.lua # Module aggregator, exports bit16/bit32/bit64
+│ ├── bit16.lua # 16-bit bitwise operations
+│ ├── bit32.lua # 32-bit bitwise operations
+│ └── bit64.lua # 64-bit bitwise operations (uses {high, low} pairs)
+├── tests/
+│ ├── test_bit16.lua # 16-bit test vectors
+│ ├── test_bit32.lua # 32-bit test vectors
+│ └── test_bit64.lua # 64-bit test vectors
+├── .github/workflows/
+│ ├── build.yml # CI: lint, test matrix, build
+│ └── release.yml # Release automation
+├── run_tests.sh # Main test runner
+├── run_tests_matrix.sh # Multi-version test runner
+└── Makefile # Build automation
+```
+
+## Key Commands
+
+```bash
+# Run tests
+make test
+
+# Run specific module tests
+make test-bit32
+
+# Run across Lua versions
+make test-matrix
+
+# Format code
+make format
+
+# Lint code
+make lint
+
+# Build single-file distribution
+make build
+```
+
+## Architecture
+
+### Module Design
+
+Each bit module (bit16, bit32, bit64) provides the same API:
+- Bitwise: band, bor, bxor, bnot
+- Shifts: lshift, rshift, arshift
+- Rotates: rol, ror
+- Arithmetic: add, mask
+- Byte conversions: uN_to_be_bytes, uN_to_le_bytes, be_bytes_to_uN, le_bytes_to_uN
+
+### 64-bit Representation
+
+64-bit values use `{high, low}` pairs for Lua 5.1 compatibility:
+```lua
+-- 0x123456789ABCDEF0 represented as:
+local value = {0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0}
+```
+
+### Pure Lua Implementation
+
+All operations are implemented using basic Lua arithmetic to ensure
+compatibility across all Lua versions without native bit library dependencies.
+
+## Testing
+
+Tests use Lua table-based vectors for easy maintenance:
+
+```lua
+local test_vectors = {
+ { name = "band(0xFF, 0x0F)", fn = bit32.band, inputs = {0xFF, 0x0F}, expected = 0x0F },
+ -- ...
+}
+```
+
+Run with: `./run_tests.sh` or `make test`
+
+## Building
+
+The build process uses `amalg` to create a single-file distribution:
+
+```bash
+make build
+# Output: build/bitn.lua
+```
+
+Version is automatically injected from git tags during release.
+
+## CI/CD
+
+- **build.yml**: Runs on push/PR to main
+ - Format check with stylua
+ - Lint with luacheck
+ - Test matrix (Lua 5.1-5.4, LuaJIT 2.0/2.1)
+ - Build single-file distribution
+
+- **release.yml**: Runs on version tags (v*)
+ - Builds and publishes release with bitn.lua artifact
+
+## Code Style
+
+- 2-space indentation
+- 120 column width
+- Double quotes preferred
+- LuaDoc annotations for all public functions
diff --git a/LICENSE b/LICENSE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..29ebfa5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/LICENSE
@@ -0,0 +1,661 @@
+ GNU AFFERO GENERAL PUBLIC LICENSE
+ Version 3, 19 November 2007
+
+ Copyright (C) 2007 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+ Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
+ of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
+
+ Preamble
+
+ The GNU Affero General Public License is a free, copyleft license for
+software and other kinds of works, specifically designed to ensure
+cooperation with the community in the case of network server software.
+
+ The licenses for most software and other practical works are designed
+to take away your freedom to share and change the works. By contrast,
+our General Public Licenses are intended to guarantee your freedom to
+share and change all versions of a program--to make sure it remains free
+software for all its users.
+
+ When we speak of free software, we are referring to freedom, not
+price. Our General Public Licenses are designed to make sure that you
+have the freedom to distribute copies of free software (and charge for
+them if you wish), that you receive source code or can get it if you
+want it, that you can change the software or use pieces of it in new
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+
+ Developers that use our General Public Licenses protect your rights
+with two steps: (1) assert copyright on the software, and (2) offer
+you this License which gives you legal permission to copy, distribute
+and/or modify the software.
+
+ A secondary benefit of defending all users' freedom is that
+improvements made in alternate versions of the program, if they
+receive widespread use, become available for other developers to
+incorporate. Many developers of free software are heartened and
+encouraged by the resulting cooperation. However, in the case of
+software used on network servers, this result may fail to come about.
+The GNU General Public License permits making a modified version and
+letting the public access it on a server without ever releasing its
+source code to the public.
+
+ The GNU Affero General Public License is designed specifically to
+ensure that, in such cases, the modified source code becomes available
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+users of that server. Therefore, public use of a modified version, on
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+
+ An older license, called the Affero General Public License and
+published by Affero, was designed to accomplish similar goals. This is
+a different license, not a version of the Affero GPL, but Affero has
+released a new version of the Affero GPL which permits relicensing under
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+ The precise terms and conditions for copying, distribution and
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+ requiring that modified versions of such material be marked in
+ reasonable ways as different from the original version; or
+
+ d) Limiting the use for publicity purposes of names of licensors or
+ authors of the material; or
+
+ e) Declining to grant rights under trademark law for use of some
+ trade names, trademarks, or service marks; or
+
+ f) Requiring indemnification of licensors and authors of that
+ material by anyone who conveys the material (or modified versions of
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+ any liability that these contractual assumptions directly impose on
+ those licensors and authors.
+
+ All other non-permissive additional terms are considered "further
+restrictions" within the meaning of section 10. If the Program as you
+received it, or any part of it, contains a notice stating that it is
+governed by this License along with a term that is a further
+restriction, you may remove that term. If a license document contains
+a further restriction but permits relicensing or conveying under this
+License, you may add to a covered work material governed by the terms
+of that license document, provided that the further restriction does
+not survive such relicensing or conveying.
+
+ If you add terms to a covered work in accord with this section, you
+must place, in the relevant source files, a statement of the
+additional terms that apply to those files, or a notice indicating
+where to find the applicable terms.
+
+ Additional terms, permissive or non-permissive, may be stated in the
+form of a separately written license, or stated as exceptions;
+the above requirements apply either way.
+
+ 8. Termination.
+
+ You may not propagate or modify a covered work except as expressly
+provided under this License. Any attempt otherwise to propagate or
+modify it is void, and will automatically terminate your rights under
+this License (including any patent licenses granted under the third
+paragraph of section 11).
+
+ However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
+license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
+provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly and
+finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if the copyright
+holder fails to notify you of the violation by some reasonable means
+prior to 60 days after the cessation.
+
+ Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
+reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you of the
+violation by some reasonable means, this is the first time you have
+received notice of violation of this License (for any work) from that
+copyright holder, and you cure the violation prior to 30 days after
+your receipt of the notice.
+
+ Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate the
+licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from you under
+this License. If your rights have been terminated and not permanently
+reinstated, you do not qualify to receive new licenses for the same
+material under section 10.
+
+ 9. Acceptance Not Required for Having Copies.
+
+ You are not required to accept this License in order to receive or
+run a copy of the Program. Ancillary propagation of a covered work
+occurring solely as a consequence of using peer-to-peer transmission
+to receive a copy likewise does not require acceptance. However,
+nothing other than this License grants you permission to propagate or
+modify any covered work. These actions infringe copyright if you do
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+covered work, you indicate your acceptance of this License to do so.
+
+ 10. Automatic Licensing of Downstream Recipients.
+
+ Each time you convey a covered work, the recipient automatically
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+propagate that work, subject to this License. You are not responsible
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+ An "entity transaction" is a transaction transferring control of an
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+
+ You may not impose any further restrictions on the exercise of the
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+any patent claim is infringed by making, using, selling, offering for
+sale, or importing the Program or any portion of it.
+
+ 11. Patents.
+
+ A "contributor" is a copyright holder who authorizes use under this
+License of the Program or a work on which the Program is based. The
+work thus licensed is called the contributor's "contributor version".
+
+ A contributor's "essential patent claims" are all patent claims
+owned or controlled by the contributor, whether already acquired or
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+but do not include claims that would be infringed only as a
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+
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+patent license under the contributor's essential patent claims, to
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+
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+patent against the party.
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+ If you convey a covered work, knowingly relying on a patent license,
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+then you must either (1) cause the Corresponding Source to be so
+available, or (2) arrange to deprive yourself of the benefit of the
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+consistent with the requirements of this License, to extend the patent
+license to downstream recipients. "Knowingly relying" means you have
+actual knowledge that, but for the patent license, your conveying the
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+in a country, would infringe one or more identifiable patents in that
+country that you have reason to believe are valid.
+
+ If, pursuant to or in connection with a single transaction or
+arrangement, you convey, or propagate by procuring conveyance of, a
+covered work, and grant a patent license to some of the parties
+receiving the covered work authorizing them to use, propagate, modify
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+you grant is automatically extended to all recipients of the covered
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+
+ A patent license is "discriminatory" if it does not include within
+the scope of its coverage, prohibits the exercise of, or is
+conditioned on the non-exercise of one or more of the rights that are
+specifically granted under this License. You may not convey a covered
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+in the business of distributing software, under which you make payment
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+the work, and under which the third party grants, to any of the
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+conveyed by you (or copies made from those copies), or (b) primarily
+for and in connection with specific products or compilations that
+contain the covered work, unless you entered into that arrangement,
+or that patent license was granted, prior to 28 March 2007.
+
+ Nothing in this License shall be construed as excluding or limiting
+any implied license or other defenses to infringement that may
+otherwise be available to you under applicable patent law.
+
+ 12. No Surrender of Others' Freedom.
+
+ If conditions are imposed on you (whether by court order, agreement or
+otherwise) that contradict the conditions of this License, they do not
+excuse you from the conditions of this License. If you cannot convey a
+covered work so as to satisfy simultaneously your obligations under this
+License and any other pertinent obligations, then as a consequence you may
+not convey it at all. For example, if you agree to terms that obligate you
+to collect a royalty for further conveying from those to whom you convey
+the Program, the only way you could satisfy both those terms and this
+License would be to refrain entirely from conveying the Program.
+
+ 13. Remote Network Interaction; Use with the GNU General Public License.
+
+ Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, if you modify the
+Program, your modified version must prominently offer all users
+interacting with it remotely through a computer network (if your version
+supports such interaction) an opportunity to receive the Corresponding
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+shall include the Corresponding Source for any work covered by version 3
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+
+ Notwithstanding any other provision of this License, you have
+permission to link or combine any covered work with a work licensed
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+combined work, and to convey the resulting work. The terms of this
+License will continue to apply to the part which is the covered work,
+but the work with which it is combined will remain governed by version
+3 of the GNU General Public License.
+
+ 14. Revised Versions of this License.
+
+ The Free Software Foundation may publish revised and/or new versions of
+the GNU Affero General Public License from time to time. Such new versions
+will be similar in spirit to the present version, but may differ in detail to
+address new problems or concerns.
+
+ Each version is given a distinguishing version number. If the
+Program specifies that a certain numbered version of the GNU Affero General
+Public License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the
+option of following the terms and conditions either of that numbered
+version or of any later version published by the Free Software
+Foundation. If the Program does not specify a version number of the
+GNU Affero General Public License, you may choose any version ever published
+by the Free Software Foundation.
+
+ If the Program specifies that a proxy can decide which future
+versions of the GNU Affero General Public License can be used, that proxy's
+public statement of acceptance of a version permanently authorizes you
+to choose that version for the Program.
+
+ Later license versions may give you additional or different
+permissions. However, no additional obligations are imposed on any
+author or copyright holder as a result of your choosing to follow a
+later version.
+
+ 15. Disclaimer of Warranty.
+
+ THERE IS NO WARRANTY FOR THE PROGRAM, TO THE EXTENT PERMITTED BY
+APPLICABLE LAW. EXCEPT WHEN OTHERWISE STATED IN WRITING THE COPYRIGHT
+HOLDERS AND/OR OTHER PARTIES PROVIDE THE PROGRAM "AS IS" WITHOUT WARRANTY
+OF ANY KIND, EITHER EXPRESSED OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING, BUT NOT LIMITED TO,
+THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR
+PURPOSE. THE ENTIRE RISK AS TO THE QUALITY AND PERFORMANCE OF THE PROGRAM
+IS WITH YOU. SHOULD THE PROGRAM PROVE DEFECTIVE, YOU ASSUME THE COST OF
+ALL NECESSARY SERVICING, REPAIR OR CORRECTION.
+
+ 16. Limitation of Liability.
+
+ IN NO EVENT UNLESS REQUIRED BY APPLICABLE LAW OR AGREED TO IN WRITING
+WILL ANY COPYRIGHT HOLDER, OR ANY OTHER PARTY WHO MODIFIES AND/OR CONVEYS
+THE PROGRAM AS PERMITTED ABOVE, BE LIABLE TO YOU FOR DAMAGES, INCLUDING ANY
+GENERAL, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES ARISING OUT OF THE
+USE OR INABILITY TO USE THE PROGRAM (INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF
+DATA OR DATA BEING RENDERED INACCURATE OR LOSSES SUSTAINED BY YOU OR THIRD
+PARTIES OR A FAILURE OF THE PROGRAM TO OPERATE WITH ANY OTHER PROGRAMS),
+EVEN IF SUCH HOLDER OR OTHER PARTY HAS BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF
+SUCH DAMAGES.
+
+ 17. Interpretation of Sections 15 and 16.
+
+ If the disclaimer of warranty and limitation of liability provided
+above cannot be given local legal effect according to their terms,
+reviewing courts shall apply local law that most closely approximates
+an absolute waiver of all civil liability in connection with the
+Program, unless a warranty or assumption of liability accompanies a
+copy of the Program in return for a fee.
+
+ END OF TERMS AND CONDITIONS
+
+ How to Apply These Terms to Your New Programs
+
+ If you develop a new program, and you want it to be of the greatest
+possible use to the public, the best way to achieve this is to make it
+free software which everyone can redistribute and change under these terms.
+
+ To do so, attach the following notices to the program. It is safest
+to attach them to the start of each source file to most effectively
+state the exclusion of warranty; and each file should have at least
+the "copyright" line and a pointer to where the full notice is found.
+
+
+ Copyright (C)
+
+ This program is free software: you can redistribute it and/or modify
+ it under the terms of the GNU Affero General Public License as published
+ by the Free Software Foundation, either version 3 of the License, or
+ (at your option) any later version.
+
+ This program is distributed in the hope that it will be useful,
+ but WITHOUT ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of
+ MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE. See the
+ GNU Affero General Public License for more details.
+
+ You should have received a copy of the GNU Affero General Public License
+ along with this program. If not, see .
+
+Also add information on how to contact you by electronic and paper mail.
+
+ If your software can interact with users remotely through a computer
+network, you should also make sure that it provides a way for users to
+get its source. For example, if your program is a web application, its
+interface could display a "Source" link that leads users to an archive
+of the code. There are many ways you could offer source, and different
+solutions will be better for different programs; see section 13 for the
+specific requirements.
+
+ You should also get your employer (if you work as a programmer) or school,
+if any, to sign a "copyright disclaimer" for the program, if necessary.
+For more information on this, and how to apply and follow the GNU AGPL, see
+.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/Makefile b/Makefile
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..fa7663f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/Makefile
@@ -0,0 +1,161 @@
+# Default target
+.PHONY: all
+all: format lint test build
+
+# Run tests
+.PHONY: test
+test:
+ ./run_tests.sh
+
+# Run test matrix
+.PHONY: test-matrix
+test-matrix:
+ ./run_tests_matrix.sh
+
+# Run specific test suite for test matrix
+.PHONY: test-matrix-%
+test-matrix-%:
+ ./run_tests_matrix.sh $*
+
+# Run specific test suite
+.PHONY: test-%
+test-%:
+ ./run_tests.sh $*
+
+
+build/amalg.cache: src/bitn/init.lua
+ @echo "Generating amalgamation cache..."
+ @mkdir -p build
+ @if command -v amalg.lua >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+ LUA_PATH="./src/?.lua;./src/?/init.lua;$(LUA_PATH)" lua -lamalg src/bitn/init.lua && mv amalg.cache build || exit 1; \
+ echo "Generated amalg.cache"; \
+ else \
+ echo "Error: amalg not found."; \
+ echo "Please install amalg: luarocks install amalg"; \
+ echo "Or run: make install-deps"; \
+ exit 1; \
+ fi
+
+# Build single-file distributions
+.PHONY: build
+build: build/amalg.cache
+ @echo "Building single-file distribution..."
+ @if command -v amalg.lua >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+ LUA_PATH="./src/?.lua;./src/?/init.lua;$(LUA_PATH)" amalg.lua -o build/bitn.lua -C ./build/amalg.cache || exit 1;\
+ echo "Built build/bitn.lua"; \
+ VERSION=$$(git describe --exact-match --tags 2>/dev/null || echo "dev"); \
+ if [ "$$VERSION" != "dev" ]; then \
+ echo "Injecting version $$VERSION..."; \
+ sed -i.bak 's/VERSION = "dev"/VERSION = "'$$VERSION'"/' build/bitn.lua && rm build/bitn.lua.bak; \
+ fi; \
+ echo "Testing version function..."; \
+ LUA_VERSION=$$(lua -e 'local b = require("build.bitn"); print(b.version())' 2>/dev/null || echo "test failed"); \
+ if [ "$$LUA_VERSION" = "$$VERSION" ]; then \
+ echo "Version correctly set to: $$VERSION"; \
+ else \
+ echo "Version test failed. Expected: $$VERSION, Got: $$LUA_VERSION"; \
+ fi; \
+ else \
+ echo "Error: amalg not found."; \
+ echo "Please install amalg: luarocks install amalg"; \
+ echo "Or run: make install-deps"; \
+ exit 1; \
+ fi
+
+# Install all development dependencies
+.PHONY: install-deps
+install-deps:
+ @echo "Installing development dependencies..."
+ @echo ""
+ @echo "=== Installing system tools ==="
+ @if command -v brew >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+ echo "Using Homebrew to install tools..."; \
+ brew install lua-language-server stylua || true; \
+ else \
+ echo "Please install the following manually:"; \
+ echo " - lua-language-server: https://github.com/LuaLS/lua-language-server/releases"; \
+ echo " - stylua: https://github.com/JohnnyMorganz/StyLua/releases"; \
+ echo " - luarocks: https://github.com/luarocks/luarocks/wiki/Download"; \
+ fi
+ @echo ""
+ @echo "=== Installing Lua tools ==="
+ @if command -v luarocks >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+ echo "Using LuaRocks to install tools..."; \
+ luarocks install luacheck || exit 1; \
+ luarocks install amalg || exit 1; \
+ else \
+ echo "luarocks not found. Please install it first."; \
+ echo " macOS: brew install luarocks"; \
+ echo " Linux: apt-get install luarocks"; \
+ exit 1; \
+ fi
+
+# Format Lua code with stylua
+.PHONY: format
+format:
+ @if command -v stylua >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+ echo "Running stylua..."; \
+ stylua --indent-type Spaces --column-width 120 --line-endings Unix \
+ --indent-width 2 --quote-style AutoPreferDouble \
+ src/ 2>/dev/null; \
+ else \
+ echo "stylua not found. Install with: make install-deps"; \
+ exit 1; \
+ fi
+
+# Check Lua formatting
+.PHONY: format-check
+format-check:
+ @if command -v stylua >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+ echo "Running stylua check..."; \
+ stylua --check --indent-type Spaces --column-width 120 --line-endings Unix \
+ --indent-width 2 --quote-style AutoPreferDouble \
+ src/; \
+ else \
+ echo "stylua not found. Install with: make install-deps"; \
+ exit 1; \
+ fi
+
+# Lint the code with luacheck
+.PHONY: lint
+lint:
+ @if command -v luacheck >/dev/null 2>&1; then \
+ echo "Running luacheck..."; \
+ luacheck src/; \
+ else \
+ echo "luacheck not found. Install with: make install-deps"; \
+ exit 1; \
+ fi
+
+.PHONY: check
+check: format-check lint
+ @echo "Code quality checks complete."
+
+# Clean generated files
+.PHONY: clean
+clean:
+ rm -rf build/
+
+# Help
+.PHONY: help
+help:
+ @echo "Lua bitN Library - Makefile targets"
+ @echo ""
+ @echo "Testing:"
+ @echo " make test - Run all tests"
+ @echo " make test- - Run specific test (e.g., make test-bit32)"
+ @echo " make test-matrix - Run test matrix across Lua versions"
+ @echo ""
+ @echo "Building:"
+ @echo " make build - Build single-file distribution"
+ @echo ""
+ @echo "Code Quality:"
+ @echo " make format - Format all code (Lua)"
+ @echo " make format-check - Check code formatting"
+ @echo " make lint - Lint code with luacheck"
+ @echo ""
+ @echo "Setup:"
+ @echo " make install-deps - Install all development dependencies"
+ @echo " make clean - Remove generated files"
+ @echo ""
+ @echo " make help - Show this help"
diff --git a/README.md b/README.md
index 1060238..eb6d184 100644
--- a/README.md
+++ b/README.md
@@ -1 +1,105 @@
# lua-bitn
+
+A pure Lua implementation of bitwise operations for 16-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit
+integers with **zero external dependencies**. This library provides a complete,
+portable implementation that runs on Lua 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and LuaJIT.
+
+## Features
+
+- **Zero Dependencies**: Pure Lua implementation, no C extensions or external
+ libraries required
+- **Portable**: Runs on any Lua interpreter (5.1+)
+- **Complete**: Full bitwise operations API for 16-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit integers
+- **Byte Conversions**: Big-endian and little-endian byte string conversions
+- **Well-tested**: Comprehensive self-tests with embedded test vectors
+
+## Installation
+
+Clone this repository:
+
+```bash
+git clone https://github.com/finitelabs/lua-bitn.git
+cd lua-bitn
+```
+
+Add the `src` directory to your Lua path, or copy the files to your project.
+
+## Usage
+
+### Basic Example
+
+```lua
+local bitn = require("bitn")
+
+-- Check version
+print(bitn.version())
+
+-- 32-bit operations
+local bit32 = bitn.bit32
+local result = bit32.band(0xFF00, 0x0FF0) -- 0x0F00
+local shifted = bit32.lshift(1, 8) -- 256
+local rotated = bit32.ror(0x12345678, 8) -- 0x78123456
+
+-- Byte conversions (big-endian)
+local bytes = bit32.u32_to_be_bytes(0x12345678)
+local num = bit32.be_bytes_to_u32(bytes) -- 0x12345678
+
+-- 16-bit operations
+local bit16 = bitn.bit16
+local masked = bit16.mask(0x12345) -- 0x2345
+local negated = bit16.bnot(0xFF00) -- 0x00FF
+
+-- 64-bit operations (using {high, low} pairs)
+local bit64 = bitn.bit64
+local a = {0x00000001, 0xFFFFFFFF} -- 0x1FFFFFFFF
+local b = {0x00000000, 0x00000001} -- 0x1
+local sum = bit64.add(a, b) -- {0x00000002, 0x00000000}
+local xored = bit64.bxor(
+ {0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0},
+ {0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0}
+) -- {0, 0}
+```
+
+### 64-bit Value Representation
+
+64-bit values are represented as `{high, low}` pairs where:
+- `high` is the upper 32 bits
+- `low` is the lower 32 bits
+
+Example: `0x123456789ABCDEF0` is represented as `{0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0}`
+
+## Testing
+
+Run the test suite:
+
+```bash
+# Run all tests with default Lua interpreter
+./run_tests.sh
+
+# Run with specific Lua version
+LUA_BINARY=lua5.1 ./run_tests.sh
+
+# Run specific module
+./run_tests.sh bit32
+
+# Run test matrix across all Lua versions
+./run_tests_matrix.sh
+```
+
+## Current Limitations
+
+- Pure Lua performance is slower than native bit libraries
+- No constant-time guarantees
+
+## License
+
+GNU Affero General Public License v3.0 - see LICENSE file for details
+
+## Contributing
+
+Contributions are welcome! Please ensure all tests pass and add new tests for
+any new functionality.
+
+---
+
+
diff --git a/run_tests.sh b/run_tests.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..919be84
--- /dev/null
+++ b/run_tests.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,167 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# lua-bitn Test Runner
+#
+# Usage: ./run_tests.sh [module_names...]
+#
+# Examples:
+# ./run_tests.sh # Run all modules
+# ./run_tests.sh bit32 bit64 # Run only bit32 and bit64
+#
+# Available modules: bit16, bit32, bit64
+
+set -e # Exit on any error
+
+echo "============================================="
+echo "Bit-N Library - Test Suite Runner"
+echo "============================================="
+echo
+
+# Colors for output
+green='\033[0;32m'
+red='\033[0;31m'
+blue='\033[0;34m'
+nc='\033[0m' # No Color
+
+# Track overall results
+passed_modules=()
+failed_modules=()
+
+# Lua binary to use for running tests
+lua_binary="${LUA_BINARY:-lua}"
+
+# Check if the lua binary is available
+if ! command -v "$lua_binary" &> /dev/null; then
+ echo -e "${red}Error: $lua_binary command not found.${nc}"
+ exit 1
+fi
+echo "$($lua_binary -v)"
+echo
+
+# Get script directory
+script_dir=$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)
+
+# Add repository root to Lua's package path
+# This allows require() to find modules in the src/tests directories
+lua_path="$script_dir/?.lua;$script_dir/?/init.lua;$script_dir/src/?.lua;$script_dir/src/?/init.lua;$script_dir/tests/?.lua;$LUA_PATH"
+
+# Parse command line arguments to determine which modules to run
+default_modules=("bit16" "bit32" "bit64")
+all_modules=("bit16" "bit32" "bit64")
+modules_to_run=("$@")
+
+# Validate modules if specified
+if [ ${#modules_to_run[@]} -gt 0 ] && [ "${modules_to_run[0]}" != "all" ]; then
+ for module in "${modules_to_run[@]}"; do
+ valid=0
+ for valid_module in "${all_modules[@]}"; do
+ if [ "$module" = "$valid_module" ]; then
+ valid=1
+ break
+ fi
+ done
+ if [ $valid -eq 0 ]; then
+ echo -e "${red}Error: Unknown module '$module'${nc}"
+ echo "Available modules: ${all_modules[*]}"
+ exit 1
+ fi
+ done
+fi
+
+if [ ${#modules_to_run[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+ modules_to_run=("${default_modules[@]}")
+ echo "Running default modules: ${modules_to_run[*]}"
+elif [ "${modules_to_run[0]}" = "all" ]; then
+ modules_to_run=("${all_modules[@]}")
+ echo "Running all modules: ${modules_to_run[*]}"
+else
+ echo "Running specified modules: ${modules_to_run[*]}"
+fi
+echo
+
+# Function to check if a module should be run
+should_run_module() {
+ local module_key="$1"
+ for module in "${modules_to_run[@]}"; do
+ if [ "$module" = "$module_key" ]; then
+ return 0
+ fi
+ done
+ return 1
+}
+
+# Function to run a test and capture result
+run_test() {
+ local module_name="$1"
+ local module_key="$2"
+ local lua_command="$3"
+
+ if ! should_run_module "$module_key"; then
+ return
+ fi
+
+ echo "---------------------------------------------"
+ echo -e "${blue}Testing $module_name...${nc}"
+ echo "---------------------------------------------"
+
+ if LUA_PATH="$lua_path" "$lua_binary" -e "$lua_command" 2>&1; then
+ echo -e "${green}✅ $module_name: ALL TESTS PASSED${nc}"
+ passed_modules+=("$module_name")
+ else
+ echo -e "${red}❌ $module_name: TESTS FAILED${nc}"
+ failed_modules+=("$module_name")
+ fi
+
+ echo
+}
+
+run_selftest() {
+ local module_name="$1"
+ local module_key="$2"
+ local lua_module="$3"
+ run_test "$module_name" "$module_key" "
+ local result = require('$lua_module').selftest()
+ if not result then
+ os.exit(1)
+ end
+ "
+}
+
+run_selftest "16-bit operations" "bit16" "bitn.bit16"
+run_selftest "32-bit operations" "bit32" "bitn.bit32"
+run_selftest "64-bit operations" "bit64" "bitn.bit64"
+
+passed_count=${#passed_modules[@]}
+failed_count=${#failed_modules[@]}
+total_count=$((passed_count + failed_count))
+
+# If only one module is run, no need to summarize
+if [ $total_count -eq 1 ]; then
+ if [ $failed_count -gt 0 ]; then
+ exit 1
+ fi
+ exit 0
+fi
+
+# Summary
+echo "============================================="
+echo "📊 TEST SUMMARY"
+echo "============================================="
+
+if [ $passed_count -eq $total_count ]; then
+ echo -e "${green}🎉 ALL MODULES PASSED: $passed_count/$total_count${nc}"
+ echo
+ echo "Passed modules:"
+ for module in "${passed_modules[@]}"; do
+ echo "• $module: ✅ PASS"
+ done
+ exit 0
+else
+ echo -e "${red}💥 SOME MODULES FAILED: $passed_count/$total_count passed${nc}"
+ echo
+ echo "Failed modules:"
+ for module in "${failed_modules[@]}"; do
+ echo "• $module: ❌ FAIL"
+ done
+ exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/run_tests_matrix.sh b/run_tests_matrix.sh
new file mode 100755
index 0000000..4d81e76
--- /dev/null
+++ b/run_tests_matrix.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,62 @@
+#!/bin/bash
+
+# List of luaenv versions to test
+LUA_VERSIONS=("5.1.5" "5.2.4" "5.3.6" "5.4.8" "luajit-2.1-dev")
+
+# Colors for output
+green='\033[0;32m'
+yellow='\033[1;33m'
+red='\033[0;31m'
+nc='\033[0m' # No Color
+
+luaenv_binary="${LUAENV_BINARY:-luaenv}" # Use luaenv by default, can be overridden
+
+# Get script directory
+script_dir=$(cd "$(dirname "${BASH_SOURCE[0]}")" && pwd)
+
+if ! command -v "$luaenv_binary" &> /dev/null; then
+ echo -e "${red}❌ Error: $luaenv_binary command not found.${nc}"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+if [ ! -d "$($luaenv_binary prefix)/../../plugins/luaenv-luarocks" ]; then
+ echo -e "${red}❌ Error: luaenv-luarocks plugin not found. Please install it first.${nc}"
+ exit 1
+fi
+
+# Track overall results
+failed_versions=()
+passed_versions=()
+
+for lua_version in "${LUA_VERSIONS[@]}"; do
+ echo -e "${yellow}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~${nc}"
+ echo -e "${yellow}Running tests with $lua_version${nc}"
+ echo -e "${yellow}~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~${nc}"
+ echo
+
+ "$luaenv_binary" install -s $lua_version
+ lua_prefix="$($luaenv_binary prefix $lua_version)"
+ lua_binary="$lua_prefix/bin/lua"
+
+ # Run the tests and pass all arguments
+ if ! LUA_BINARY="$lua_binary" "$script_dir/run_tests.sh" "$@"; then
+ failed_versions+=("$lua_version")
+ else
+ passed_versions+=("$lua_version")
+ fi
+done
+
+# Final summary
+echo "============================================="
+echo "📊 Matrix Test Summary"
+echo "============================================="
+
+if [ ${#failed_versions[@]} -eq 0 ]; then
+ echo -e "${green}✅ All LUA VERSIONS PASSED:${nc}"
+ printf '%s\n' "${passed_versions[@]}"
+ exit 0
+else
+ echo -e "${red}💥 SOME LUA VERSIONS FAILED:${nc}"
+ printf '%s\n' "${failed_versions[@]}"
+ exit 1
+fi
diff --git a/src/bitn/bit16.lua b/src/bitn/bit16.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..e79d73a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bitn/bit16.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,440 @@
+--- @module "bitn.bit16"
+--- Pure Lua 16-bit bitwise operations library.
+--- This module provides a complete, version-agnostic implementation of 16-bit
+--- bitwise operations that works across Lua 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and LuaJIT
+--- without depending on any built-in bit libraries.
+--- @class bit16
+local bit16 = {}
+
+-- 16-bit mask constant
+local MASK16 = 0xFFFF
+
+--- Ensure value fits in 16-bit unsigned integer.
+--- @param n number Input value
+--- @return integer result 16-bit unsigned integer (0 to 0xFFFF)
+function bit16.mask(n)
+ return math.floor(n % 0x10000)
+end
+
+--- Bitwise AND operation.
+--- @param a integer First operand (16-bit)
+--- @param b integer Second operand (16-bit)
+--- @return integer result Result of a AND b
+function bit16.band(a, b)
+ a = bit16.mask(a)
+ b = bit16.mask(b)
+
+ local result = 0
+ local bit_val = 1
+
+ for _ = 0, 15 do
+ if (a % 2 == 1) and (b % 2 == 1) then
+ result = result + bit_val
+ end
+ a = math.floor(a / 2)
+ b = math.floor(b / 2)
+ bit_val = bit_val * 2
+
+ if a == 0 and b == 0 then
+ break
+ end
+ end
+
+ return result
+end
+
+--- Bitwise OR operation.
+--- @param a integer First operand (16-bit)
+--- @param b integer Second operand (16-bit)
+--- @return integer result Result of a OR b
+function bit16.bor(a, b)
+ a = bit16.mask(a)
+ b = bit16.mask(b)
+
+ local result = 0
+ local bit_val = 1
+
+ for _ = 0, 15 do
+ if (a % 2 == 1) or (b % 2 == 1) then
+ result = result + bit_val
+ end
+ a = math.floor(a / 2)
+ b = math.floor(b / 2)
+ bit_val = bit_val * 2
+
+ if a == 0 and b == 0 then
+ break
+ end
+ end
+
+ return result
+end
+
+--- Bitwise XOR operation.
+--- @param a integer First operand (16-bit)
+--- @param b integer Second operand (16-bit)
+--- @return integer result Result of a XOR b
+function bit16.bxor(a, b)
+ a = bit16.mask(a)
+ b = bit16.mask(b)
+
+ local result = 0
+ local bit_val = 1
+
+ for _ = 0, 15 do
+ if (a % 2) ~= (b % 2) then
+ result = result + bit_val
+ end
+ a = math.floor(a / 2)
+ b = math.floor(b / 2)
+ bit_val = bit_val * 2
+
+ if a == 0 and b == 0 then
+ break
+ end
+ end
+
+ return result
+end
+
+--- Bitwise NOT operation.
+--- @param a integer Operand (16-bit)
+--- @return integer result Result of NOT a
+function bit16.bnot(a)
+ return bit16.mask(MASK16 - bit16.mask(a))
+end
+
+--- Left shift operation.
+--- @param a integer Value to shift (16-bit)
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to shift (must be >= 0)
+--- @return integer result Result of a << n
+function bit16.lshift(a, n)
+ assert(n >= 0, "Shift amount must be non-negative")
+ if n >= 16 then
+ return 0
+ end
+ return bit16.mask(bit16.mask(a) * math.pow(2, n))
+end
+
+--- Logical right shift operation (fills with 0s).
+--- @param a integer Value to shift (16-bit)
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to shift (must be >= 0)
+--- @return integer result Result of a >> n (logical)
+function bit16.rshift(a, n)
+ assert(n >= 0, "Shift amount must be non-negative")
+ a = bit16.mask(a)
+ if n >= 16 then
+ return 0
+ end
+ return math.floor(a / math.pow(2, n))
+end
+
+--- Arithmetic right shift operation (sign-extending, fills with sign bit).
+--- @param a integer Value to shift (16-bit, treated as signed)
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to shift (must be >= 0)
+--- @return integer result Result of a >> n with sign extension
+function bit16.arshift(a, n)
+ assert(n >= 0, "Shift amount must be non-negative")
+ a = bit16.mask(a)
+
+ -- Check if sign bit is set (bit 15)
+ local is_negative = a >= 0x8000
+
+ if n >= 16 then
+ -- All bits shift out, result is all 1s if negative, all 0s if positive
+ return is_negative and 0xFFFF or 0
+ end
+
+ -- Perform logical right shift first
+ local result = math.floor(a / math.pow(2, n))
+
+ -- If original was negative, fill high bits with 1s
+ if is_negative then
+ -- Create mask for high bits that need to be 1
+ local fill_mask = MASK16 - (math.pow(2, 16 - n) - 1)
+ result = bit16.bor(result, fill_mask)
+ end
+
+ return result
+end
+
+--- Left rotate operation.
+--- @param x integer Value to rotate (16-bit)
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to rotate
+--- @return integer result Result of rotating x left by n positions
+function bit16.rol(x, n)
+ n = n % 16
+ x = bit16.mask(x)
+ return bit16.mask(bit16.lshift(x, n) + bit16.rshift(x, 16 - n))
+end
+
+--- Right rotate operation.
+--- @param x integer Value to rotate (16-bit)
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to rotate
+--- @return integer result Result of rotating x right by n positions
+function bit16.ror(x, n)
+ n = n % 16
+ x = bit16.mask(x)
+ return bit16.mask(bit16.rshift(x, n) + bit16.lshift(x, 16 - n))
+end
+
+--- 16-bit addition with overflow handling.
+--- @param a integer First operand (16-bit)
+--- @param b integer Second operand (16-bit)
+--- @return integer result Result of (a + b) mod 2^16
+function bit16.add(a, b)
+ return bit16.mask(bit16.mask(a) + bit16.mask(b))
+end
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Byte conversion functions
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Convert 16-bit unsigned integer to 2 bytes (big-endian).
+--- @param n integer 16-bit unsigned integer
+--- @return string bytes 2-byte string in big-endian order
+function bit16.u16_to_be_bytes(n)
+ n = bit16.mask(n)
+ return string.char(math.floor(n / 256), n % 256)
+end
+
+--- Convert 16-bit unsigned integer to 2 bytes (little-endian).
+--- @param n integer 16-bit unsigned integer
+--- @return string bytes 2-byte string in little-endian order
+function bit16.u16_to_le_bytes(n)
+ n = bit16.mask(n)
+ return string.char(n % 256, math.floor(n / 256))
+end
+
+--- Convert 2 bytes to 16-bit unsigned integer (big-endian).
+--- @param str string Binary string (at least 2 bytes from offset)
+--- @param offset? integer Starting position (default: 1)
+--- @return integer n 16-bit unsigned integer
+function bit16.be_bytes_to_u16(str, offset)
+ offset = offset or 1
+ assert(#str >= offset + 1, "Insufficient bytes for u16")
+ local b1, b2 = string.byte(str, offset, offset + 1)
+ return b1 * 256 + b2
+end
+
+--- Convert 2 bytes to 16-bit unsigned integer (little-endian).
+--- @param str string Binary string (at least 2 bytes from offset)
+--- @param offset? integer Starting position (default: 1)
+--- @return integer n 16-bit unsigned integer
+function bit16.le_bytes_to_u16(str, offset)
+ offset = offset or 1
+ assert(#str >= offset + 1, "Insufficient bytes for u16")
+ local b1, b2 = string.byte(str, offset, offset + 1)
+ return b1 + b2 * 256
+end
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Self-test
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Compatibility for unpack
+local unpack_fn = unpack or table.unpack
+
+--- Run comprehensive self-test with test vectors.
+--- @return boolean result True if all tests pass, false otherwise
+function bit16.selftest()
+ print("Running 16-bit operations test vectors...")
+ local passed = 0
+ local total = 0
+
+ local test_vectors = {
+ -- mask tests
+ { name = "mask(0)", fn = bit16.mask, inputs = { 0 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "mask(1)", fn = bit16.mask, inputs = { 1 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "mask(0xFFFF)", fn = bit16.mask, inputs = { 0xFFFF }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+ { name = "mask(0x10000)", fn = bit16.mask, inputs = { 0x10000 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "mask(0x10001)", fn = bit16.mask, inputs = { 0x10001 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "mask(-1)", fn = bit16.mask, inputs = { -1 }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+ { name = "mask(-256)", fn = bit16.mask, inputs = { -256 }, expected = 0xFF00 },
+
+ -- band tests
+ { name = "band(0xFF00, 0x00FF)", fn = bit16.band, inputs = { 0xFF00, 0x00FF }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "band(0xFFFF, 0xFFFF)", fn = bit16.band, inputs = { 0xFFFF, 0xFFFF }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+ { name = "band(0xAAAA, 0x5555)", fn = bit16.band, inputs = { 0xAAAA, 0x5555 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "band(0xF0F0, 0xFF00)", fn = bit16.band, inputs = { 0xF0F0, 0xFF00 }, expected = 0xF000 },
+
+ -- bor tests
+ { name = "bor(0xFF00, 0x00FF)", fn = bit16.bor, inputs = { 0xFF00, 0x00FF }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+ { name = "bor(0, 0)", fn = bit16.bor, inputs = { 0, 0 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "bor(0xAAAA, 0x5555)", fn = bit16.bor, inputs = { 0xAAAA, 0x5555 }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+
+ -- bxor tests
+ { name = "bxor(0xFF00, 0x00FF)", fn = bit16.bxor, inputs = { 0xFF00, 0x00FF }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+ { name = "bxor(0xFFFF, 0xFFFF)", fn = bit16.bxor, inputs = { 0xFFFF, 0xFFFF }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "bxor(0xAAAA, 0x5555)", fn = bit16.bxor, inputs = { 0xAAAA, 0x5555 }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+ { name = "bxor(0x1234, 0x1234)", fn = bit16.bxor, inputs = { 0x1234, 0x1234 }, expected = 0 },
+
+ -- bnot tests
+ { name = "bnot(0)", fn = bit16.bnot, inputs = { 0 }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+ { name = "bnot(0xFFFF)", fn = bit16.bnot, inputs = { 0xFFFF }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "bnot(0xAAAA)", fn = bit16.bnot, inputs = { 0xAAAA }, expected = 0x5555 },
+ { name = "bnot(0x1234)", fn = bit16.bnot, inputs = { 0x1234 }, expected = 0xEDCB },
+
+ -- lshift tests
+ { name = "lshift(1, 0)", fn = bit16.lshift, inputs = { 1, 0 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "lshift(1, 1)", fn = bit16.lshift, inputs = { 1, 1 }, expected = 2 },
+ { name = "lshift(1, 15)", fn = bit16.lshift, inputs = { 1, 15 }, expected = 0x8000 },
+ { name = "lshift(1, 16)", fn = bit16.lshift, inputs = { 1, 16 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "lshift(0xFF, 8)", fn = bit16.lshift, inputs = { 0xFF, 8 }, expected = 0xFF00 },
+ { name = "lshift(0x8000, 1)", fn = bit16.lshift, inputs = { 0x8000, 1 }, expected = 0 },
+
+ -- rshift tests
+ { name = "rshift(1, 0)", fn = bit16.rshift, inputs = { 1, 0 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rshift(2, 1)", fn = bit16.rshift, inputs = { 2, 1 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rshift(0x8000, 15)", fn = bit16.rshift, inputs = { 0x8000, 15 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rshift(0x8000, 16)", fn = bit16.rshift, inputs = { 0x8000, 16 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "rshift(0xFF00, 8)", fn = bit16.rshift, inputs = { 0xFF00, 8 }, expected = 0xFF },
+ { name = "rshift(0xFFFF, 8)", fn = bit16.rshift, inputs = { 0xFFFF, 8 }, expected = 0xFF },
+
+ -- arshift tests (arithmetic shift - sign extending)
+ { name = "arshift(0x8000, 1)", fn = bit16.arshift, inputs = { 0x8000, 1 }, expected = 0xC000 },
+ { name = "arshift(0x8000, 15)", fn = bit16.arshift, inputs = { 0x8000, 15 }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+ { name = "arshift(0x8000, 16)", fn = bit16.arshift, inputs = { 0x8000, 16 }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+ { name = "arshift(0x7FFF, 1)", fn = bit16.arshift, inputs = { 0x7FFF, 1 }, expected = 0x3FFF },
+ { name = "arshift(0x7FFF, 15)", fn = bit16.arshift, inputs = { 0x7FFF, 15 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "arshift(0xFF00, 8)", fn = bit16.arshift, inputs = { 0xFF00, 8 }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+ { name = "arshift(0x0F00, 8)", fn = bit16.arshift, inputs = { 0x0F00, 8 }, expected = 0x000F },
+
+ -- rol tests
+ { name = "rol(1, 0)", fn = bit16.rol, inputs = { 1, 0 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rol(1, 1)", fn = bit16.rol, inputs = { 1, 1 }, expected = 2 },
+ { name = "rol(0x8000, 1)", fn = bit16.rol, inputs = { 0x8000, 1 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rol(1, 16)", fn = bit16.rol, inputs = { 1, 16 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rol(0x1234, 8)", fn = bit16.rol, inputs = { 0x1234, 8 }, expected = 0x3412 },
+ { name = "rol(0x1234, 4)", fn = bit16.rol, inputs = { 0x1234, 4 }, expected = 0x2341 },
+
+ -- ror tests
+ { name = "ror(1, 0)", fn = bit16.ror, inputs = { 1, 0 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "ror(1, 1)", fn = bit16.ror, inputs = { 1, 1 }, expected = 0x8000 },
+ { name = "ror(2, 1)", fn = bit16.ror, inputs = { 2, 1 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "ror(1, 16)", fn = bit16.ror, inputs = { 1, 16 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "ror(0x1234, 8)", fn = bit16.ror, inputs = { 0x1234, 8 }, expected = 0x3412 },
+ { name = "ror(0x1234, 4)", fn = bit16.ror, inputs = { 0x1234, 4 }, expected = 0x4123 },
+
+ -- add tests
+ { name = "add(0, 0)", fn = bit16.add, inputs = { 0, 0 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "add(1, 1)", fn = bit16.add, inputs = { 1, 1 }, expected = 2 },
+ { name = "add(0xFFFF, 1)", fn = bit16.add, inputs = { 0xFFFF, 1 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "add(0xFFFF, 2)", fn = bit16.add, inputs = { 0xFFFF, 2 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "add(0x8000, 0x8000)", fn = bit16.add, inputs = { 0x8000, 0x8000 }, expected = 0 },
+
+ -- u16_to_be_bytes tests
+ { name = "u16_to_be_bytes(0)", fn = bit16.u16_to_be_bytes, inputs = { 0 }, expected = string.char(0x00, 0x00) },
+ { name = "u16_to_be_bytes(1)", fn = bit16.u16_to_be_bytes, inputs = { 1 }, expected = string.char(0x00, 0x01) },
+ {
+ name = "u16_to_be_bytes(0x1234)",
+ fn = bit16.u16_to_be_bytes,
+ inputs = { 0x1234 },
+ expected = string.char(0x12, 0x34),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u16_to_be_bytes(0xFFFF)",
+ fn = bit16.u16_to_be_bytes,
+ inputs = { 0xFFFF },
+ expected = string.char(0xFF, 0xFF),
+ },
+
+ -- u16_to_le_bytes tests
+ { name = "u16_to_le_bytes(0)", fn = bit16.u16_to_le_bytes, inputs = { 0 }, expected = string.char(0x00, 0x00) },
+ { name = "u16_to_le_bytes(1)", fn = bit16.u16_to_le_bytes, inputs = { 1 }, expected = string.char(0x01, 0x00) },
+ {
+ name = "u16_to_le_bytes(0x1234)",
+ fn = bit16.u16_to_le_bytes,
+ inputs = { 0x1234 },
+ expected = string.char(0x34, 0x12),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u16_to_le_bytes(0xFFFF)",
+ fn = bit16.u16_to_le_bytes,
+ inputs = { 0xFFFF },
+ expected = string.char(0xFF, 0xFF),
+ },
+
+ -- be_bytes_to_u16 tests
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u16(0x0000)",
+ fn = bit16.be_bytes_to_u16,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x00, 0x00) },
+ expected = 0,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u16(0x0001)",
+ fn = bit16.be_bytes_to_u16,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x00, 0x01) },
+ expected = 1,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u16(0x1234)",
+ fn = bit16.be_bytes_to_u16,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x12, 0x34) },
+ expected = 0x1234,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u16(0xFFFF)",
+ fn = bit16.be_bytes_to_u16,
+ inputs = { string.char(0xFF, 0xFF) },
+ expected = 0xFFFF,
+ },
+
+ -- le_bytes_to_u16 tests
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u16(0x0000)",
+ fn = bit16.le_bytes_to_u16,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x00, 0x00) },
+ expected = 0,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u16(0x0001)",
+ fn = bit16.le_bytes_to_u16,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x01, 0x00) },
+ expected = 1,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u16(0x1234)",
+ fn = bit16.le_bytes_to_u16,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x34, 0x12) },
+ expected = 0x1234,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u16(0xFFFF)",
+ fn = bit16.le_bytes_to_u16,
+ inputs = { string.char(0xFF, 0xFF) },
+ expected = 0xFFFF,
+ },
+ }
+
+ for _, test in ipairs(test_vectors) do
+ total = total + 1
+ local result = test.fn(unpack_fn(test.inputs))
+ if result == test.expected then
+ print(" PASS: " .. test.name)
+ passed = passed + 1
+ else
+ print(" FAIL: " .. test.name)
+ if type(test.expected) == "string" then
+ local exp_hex, got_hex = "", ""
+ for i = 1, #test.expected do
+ exp_hex = exp_hex .. string.format("%02X", string.byte(test.expected, i))
+ end
+ for i = 1, #result do
+ got_hex = got_hex .. string.format("%02X", string.byte(result, i))
+ end
+ print(" Expected: " .. exp_hex)
+ print(" Got: " .. got_hex)
+ else
+ print(string.format(" Expected: 0x%04X", test.expected))
+ print(string.format(" Got: 0x%04X", result))
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ print(string.format("\n16-bit operations: %d/%d tests passed\n", passed, total))
+ return passed == total
+end
+
+return bit16
diff --git a/src/bitn/bit32.lua b/src/bitn/bit32.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..5f3589c
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bitn/bit32.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,497 @@
+--- @module "bitn.bit32"
+--- Pure Lua 32-bit bitwise operations library.
+--- This module provides a complete, version-agnostic implementation of 32-bit
+--- bitwise operations that works across Lua 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and LuaJIT
+--- without depending on any built-in bit libraries.
+--- @class bit32
+local bit32 = {}
+
+-- 32-bit mask constant
+local MASK32 = 0xFFFFFFFF
+
+--- Ensure value fits in 32-bit unsigned integer.
+--- @param n number Input value
+--- @return integer result 32-bit unsigned integer (0 to 0xFFFFFFFF)
+function bit32.mask(n)
+ return math.floor(n % 0x100000000)
+end
+
+--- Bitwise AND operation.
+--- @param a integer First operand (32-bit)
+--- @param b integer Second operand (32-bit)
+--- @return integer result Result of a AND b
+function bit32.band(a, b)
+ a = bit32.mask(a)
+ b = bit32.mask(b)
+
+ local result = 0
+ local bit_val = 1
+
+ for _ = 0, 31 do
+ if (a % 2 == 1) and (b % 2 == 1) then
+ result = result + bit_val
+ end
+ a = math.floor(a / 2)
+ b = math.floor(b / 2)
+ bit_val = bit_val * 2
+
+ if a == 0 and b == 0 then
+ break
+ end
+ end
+
+ return result
+end
+
+--- Bitwise OR operation.
+--- @param a integer First operand (32-bit)
+--- @param b integer Second operand (32-bit)
+--- @return integer result Result of a OR b
+function bit32.bor(a, b)
+ a = bit32.mask(a)
+ b = bit32.mask(b)
+
+ local result = 0
+ local bit_val = 1
+
+ for _ = 0, 31 do
+ if (a % 2 == 1) or (b % 2 == 1) then
+ result = result + bit_val
+ end
+ a = math.floor(a / 2)
+ b = math.floor(b / 2)
+ bit_val = bit_val * 2
+
+ if a == 0 and b == 0 then
+ break
+ end
+ end
+
+ return result
+end
+
+--- Bitwise XOR operation.
+--- @param a integer First operand (32-bit)
+--- @param b integer Second operand (32-bit)
+--- @return integer result Result of a XOR b
+function bit32.bxor(a, b)
+ a = bit32.mask(a)
+ b = bit32.mask(b)
+
+ local result = 0
+ local bit_val = 1
+
+ for _ = 0, 31 do
+ if (a % 2) ~= (b % 2) then
+ result = result + bit_val
+ end
+ a = math.floor(a / 2)
+ b = math.floor(b / 2)
+ bit_val = bit_val * 2
+
+ if a == 0 and b == 0 then
+ break
+ end
+ end
+
+ return result
+end
+
+--- Bitwise NOT operation.
+--- @param a integer Operand (32-bit)
+--- @return integer result Result of NOT a
+function bit32.bnot(a)
+ return bit32.mask(MASK32 - bit32.mask(a))
+end
+
+--- Left shift operation.
+--- @param a integer Value to shift (32-bit)
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to shift (must be >= 0)
+--- @return integer result Result of a << n
+function bit32.lshift(a, n)
+ assert(n >= 0, "Shift amount must be non-negative")
+ if n >= 32 then
+ return 0
+ end
+ return bit32.mask(bit32.mask(a) * math.pow(2, n))
+end
+
+--- Logical right shift operation (fills with 0s).
+--- @param a integer Value to shift (32-bit)
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to shift (must be >= 0)
+--- @return integer result Result of a >> n (logical)
+function bit32.rshift(a, n)
+ assert(n >= 0, "Shift amount must be non-negative")
+ a = bit32.mask(a)
+ if n >= 32 then
+ return 0
+ end
+ return math.floor(a / math.pow(2, n))
+end
+
+--- Arithmetic right shift operation (sign-extending, fills with sign bit).
+--- @param a integer Value to shift (32-bit, treated as signed)
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to shift (must be >= 0)
+--- @return integer result Result of a >> n with sign extension
+function bit32.arshift(a, n)
+ assert(n >= 0, "Shift amount must be non-negative")
+ a = bit32.mask(a)
+
+ -- Check if sign bit is set (bit 31)
+ local is_negative = a >= 0x80000000
+
+ if n >= 32 then
+ -- All bits shift out, result is all 1s if negative, all 0s if positive
+ return is_negative and 0xFFFFFFFF or 0
+ end
+
+ -- Perform logical right shift first
+ local result = math.floor(a / math.pow(2, n))
+
+ -- If original was negative, fill high bits with 1s
+ if is_negative then
+ -- Create mask for high bits that need to be 1
+ local fill_mask = MASK32 - (math.pow(2, 32 - n) - 1)
+ result = bit32.bor(result, fill_mask)
+ end
+
+ return result
+end
+
+--- Left rotate operation.
+--- @param x integer Value to rotate (32-bit)
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to rotate
+--- @return integer result Result of rotating x left by n positions
+function bit32.rol(x, n)
+ n = n % 32
+ x = bit32.mask(x)
+ return bit32.mask(bit32.lshift(x, n) + bit32.rshift(x, 32 - n))
+end
+
+--- Right rotate operation.
+--- @param x integer Value to rotate (32-bit)
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to rotate
+--- @return integer result Result of rotating x right by n positions
+function bit32.ror(x, n)
+ n = n % 32
+ x = bit32.mask(x)
+ return bit32.mask(bit32.rshift(x, n) + bit32.lshift(x, 32 - n))
+end
+
+--- 32-bit addition with overflow handling.
+--- @param a integer First operand (32-bit)
+--- @param b integer Second operand (32-bit)
+--- @return integer result Result of (a + b) mod 2^32
+function bit32.add(a, b)
+ return bit32.mask(bit32.mask(a) + bit32.mask(b))
+end
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Byte conversion functions
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Convert 32-bit unsigned integer to 4 bytes (big-endian).
+--- @param n integer 32-bit unsigned integer
+--- @return string bytes 4-byte string in big-endian order
+function bit32.u32_to_be_bytes(n)
+ n = bit32.mask(n)
+ return string.char(math.floor(n / 16777216) % 256, math.floor(n / 65536) % 256, math.floor(n / 256) % 256, n % 256)
+end
+
+--- Convert 32-bit unsigned integer to 4 bytes (little-endian).
+--- @param n integer 32-bit unsigned integer
+--- @return string bytes 4-byte string in little-endian order
+function bit32.u32_to_le_bytes(n)
+ n = bit32.mask(n)
+ return string.char(n % 256, math.floor(n / 256) % 256, math.floor(n / 65536) % 256, math.floor(n / 16777216) % 256)
+end
+
+--- Convert 4 bytes to 32-bit unsigned integer (big-endian).
+--- @param str string Binary string (at least 4 bytes from offset)
+--- @param offset? integer Starting position (default: 1)
+--- @return integer n 32-bit unsigned integer
+function bit32.be_bytes_to_u32(str, offset)
+ offset = offset or 1
+ assert(#str >= offset + 3, "Insufficient bytes for u32")
+ local b1, b2, b3, b4 = string.byte(str, offset, offset + 3)
+ return b1 * 16777216 + b2 * 65536 + b3 * 256 + b4
+end
+
+--- Convert 4 bytes to 32-bit unsigned integer (little-endian).
+--- @param str string Binary string (at least 4 bytes from offset)
+--- @param offset? integer Starting position (default: 1)
+--- @return integer n 32-bit unsigned integer
+function bit32.le_bytes_to_u32(str, offset)
+ offset = offset or 1
+ assert(#str >= offset + 3, "Insufficient bytes for u32")
+ local b1, b2, b3, b4 = string.byte(str, offset, offset + 3)
+ return b1 + b2 * 256 + b3 * 65536 + b4 * 16777216
+end
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Self-test
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Compatibility for unpack
+local unpack_fn = unpack or table.unpack
+
+--- Run comprehensive self-test with test vectors.
+--- @return boolean result True if all tests pass, false otherwise
+function bit32.selftest()
+ print("Running 32-bit operations test vectors...")
+ local passed = 0
+ local total = 0
+
+ local test_vectors = {
+ -- mask tests
+ { name = "mask(0)", fn = bit32.mask, inputs = { 0 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "mask(1)", fn = bit32.mask, inputs = { 1 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "mask(0xFFFFFFFF)", fn = bit32.mask, inputs = { 0xFFFFFFFF }, expected = 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ { name = "mask(0x100000000)", fn = bit32.mask, inputs = { 0x100000000 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "mask(0x100000001)", fn = bit32.mask, inputs = { 0x100000001 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "mask(-1)", fn = bit32.mask, inputs = { -1 }, expected = 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ { name = "mask(-256)", fn = bit32.mask, inputs = { -256 }, expected = 0xFFFFFF00 },
+
+ -- band tests
+ { name = "band(0xFF00FF00, 0x00FF00FF)", fn = bit32.band, inputs = { 0xFF00FF00, 0x00FF00FF }, expected = 0 },
+ {
+ name = "band(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF)",
+ fn = bit32.band,
+ inputs = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ expected = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+ },
+ { name = "band(0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555)", fn = bit32.band, inputs = { 0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555 }, expected = 0 },
+ {
+ name = "band(0xF0F0F0F0, 0xFF00FF00)",
+ fn = bit32.band,
+ inputs = { 0xF0F0F0F0, 0xFF00FF00 },
+ expected = 0xF000F000,
+ },
+ { name = "band(0, 0xFFFFFFFF)", fn = bit32.band, inputs = { 0, 0xFFFFFFFF }, expected = 0 },
+
+ -- bor tests
+ {
+ name = "bor(0xFF00FF00, 0x00FF00FF)",
+ fn = bit32.bor,
+ inputs = { 0xFF00FF00, 0x00FF00FF },
+ expected = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+ },
+ { name = "bor(0, 0)", fn = bit32.bor, inputs = { 0, 0 }, expected = 0 },
+ {
+ name = "bor(0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555)",
+ fn = bit32.bor,
+ inputs = { 0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555 },
+ expected = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "bor(0xF0F0F0F0, 0x0F0F0F0F)",
+ fn = bit32.bor,
+ inputs = { 0xF0F0F0F0, 0x0F0F0F0F },
+ expected = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+ },
+
+ -- bxor tests
+ {
+ name = "bxor(0xFF00FF00, 0x00FF00FF)",
+ fn = bit32.bxor,
+ inputs = { 0xFF00FF00, 0x00FF00FF },
+ expected = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+ },
+ { name = "bxor(0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF)", fn = bit32.bxor, inputs = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF }, expected = 0 },
+ {
+ name = "bxor(0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555)",
+ fn = bit32.bxor,
+ inputs = { 0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555 },
+ expected = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+ },
+ { name = "bxor(0x12345678, 0x12345678)", fn = bit32.bxor, inputs = { 0x12345678, 0x12345678 }, expected = 0 },
+
+ -- bnot tests
+ { name = "bnot(0)", fn = bit32.bnot, inputs = { 0 }, expected = 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ { name = "bnot(0xFFFFFFFF)", fn = bit32.bnot, inputs = { 0xFFFFFFFF }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "bnot(0xAAAAAAAA)", fn = bit32.bnot, inputs = { 0xAAAAAAAA }, expected = 0x55555555 },
+ { name = "bnot(0x12345678)", fn = bit32.bnot, inputs = { 0x12345678 }, expected = 0xEDCBA987 },
+
+ -- lshift tests
+ { name = "lshift(1, 0)", fn = bit32.lshift, inputs = { 1, 0 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "lshift(1, 1)", fn = bit32.lshift, inputs = { 1, 1 }, expected = 2 },
+ { name = "lshift(1, 31)", fn = bit32.lshift, inputs = { 1, 31 }, expected = 0x80000000 },
+ { name = "lshift(1, 32)", fn = bit32.lshift, inputs = { 1, 32 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "lshift(0xFF, 8)", fn = bit32.lshift, inputs = { 0xFF, 8 }, expected = 0xFF00 },
+ { name = "lshift(0x80000000, 1)", fn = bit32.lshift, inputs = { 0x80000000, 1 }, expected = 0 },
+
+ -- rshift tests
+ { name = "rshift(1, 0)", fn = bit32.rshift, inputs = { 1, 0 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rshift(2, 1)", fn = bit32.rshift, inputs = { 2, 1 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rshift(0x80000000, 31)", fn = bit32.rshift, inputs = { 0x80000000, 31 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rshift(0x80000000, 32)", fn = bit32.rshift, inputs = { 0x80000000, 32 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "rshift(0xFF00, 8)", fn = bit32.rshift, inputs = { 0xFF00, 8 }, expected = 0xFF },
+ { name = "rshift(0xFFFFFFFF, 16)", fn = bit32.rshift, inputs = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 16 }, expected = 0xFFFF },
+
+ -- arshift tests (arithmetic shift - sign extending)
+ { name = "arshift(0x80000000, 1)", fn = bit32.arshift, inputs = { 0x80000000, 1 }, expected = 0xC0000000 },
+ { name = "arshift(0x80000000, 31)", fn = bit32.arshift, inputs = { 0x80000000, 31 }, expected = 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ { name = "arshift(0x80000000, 32)", fn = bit32.arshift, inputs = { 0x80000000, 32 }, expected = 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ { name = "arshift(0x7FFFFFFF, 1)", fn = bit32.arshift, inputs = { 0x7FFFFFFF, 1 }, expected = 0x3FFFFFFF },
+ { name = "arshift(0x7FFFFFFF, 31)", fn = bit32.arshift, inputs = { 0x7FFFFFFF, 31 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "arshift(0xFF000000, 8)", fn = bit32.arshift, inputs = { 0xFF000000, 8 }, expected = 0xFFFF0000 },
+ { name = "arshift(0x0F000000, 8)", fn = bit32.arshift, inputs = { 0x0F000000, 8 }, expected = 0x000F0000 },
+
+ -- rol tests
+ { name = "rol(1, 0)", fn = bit32.rol, inputs = { 1, 0 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rol(1, 1)", fn = bit32.rol, inputs = { 1, 1 }, expected = 2 },
+ { name = "rol(0x80000000, 1)", fn = bit32.rol, inputs = { 0x80000000, 1 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rol(1, 32)", fn = bit32.rol, inputs = { 1, 32 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "rol(0x12345678, 8)", fn = bit32.rol, inputs = { 0x12345678, 8 }, expected = 0x34567812 },
+ { name = "rol(0x12345678, 16)", fn = bit32.rol, inputs = { 0x12345678, 16 }, expected = 0x56781234 },
+
+ -- ror tests
+ { name = "ror(1, 0)", fn = bit32.ror, inputs = { 1, 0 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "ror(1, 1)", fn = bit32.ror, inputs = { 1, 1 }, expected = 0x80000000 },
+ { name = "ror(2, 1)", fn = bit32.ror, inputs = { 2, 1 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "ror(1, 32)", fn = bit32.ror, inputs = { 1, 32 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "ror(0x12345678, 8)", fn = bit32.ror, inputs = { 0x12345678, 8 }, expected = 0x78123456 },
+ { name = "ror(0x12345678, 16)", fn = bit32.ror, inputs = { 0x12345678, 16 }, expected = 0x56781234 },
+
+ -- add tests
+ { name = "add(0, 0)", fn = bit32.add, inputs = { 0, 0 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "add(1, 1)", fn = bit32.add, inputs = { 1, 1 }, expected = 2 },
+ { name = "add(0xFFFFFFFF, 1)", fn = bit32.add, inputs = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 1 }, expected = 0 },
+ { name = "add(0xFFFFFFFF, 2)", fn = bit32.add, inputs = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 2 }, expected = 1 },
+ { name = "add(0x80000000, 0x80000000)", fn = bit32.add, inputs = { 0x80000000, 0x80000000 }, expected = 0 },
+
+ -- u32_to_be_bytes tests
+ {
+ name = "u32_to_be_bytes(0)",
+ fn = bit32.u32_to_be_bytes,
+ inputs = { 0 },
+ expected = string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u32_to_be_bytes(1)",
+ fn = bit32.u32_to_be_bytes,
+ inputs = { 1 },
+ expected = string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u32_to_be_bytes(0x12345678)",
+ fn = bit32.u32_to_be_bytes,
+ inputs = { 0x12345678 },
+ expected = string.char(0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u32_to_be_bytes(0xFFFFFFFF)",
+ fn = bit32.u32_to_be_bytes,
+ inputs = { 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ expected = string.char(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF),
+ },
+
+ -- u32_to_le_bytes tests
+ {
+ name = "u32_to_le_bytes(0)",
+ fn = bit32.u32_to_le_bytes,
+ inputs = { 0 },
+ expected = string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u32_to_le_bytes(1)",
+ fn = bit32.u32_to_le_bytes,
+ inputs = { 1 },
+ expected = string.char(0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u32_to_le_bytes(0x12345678)",
+ fn = bit32.u32_to_le_bytes,
+ inputs = { 0x12345678 },
+ expected = string.char(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u32_to_le_bytes(0xFFFFFFFF)",
+ fn = bit32.u32_to_le_bytes,
+ inputs = { 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ expected = string.char(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF),
+ },
+
+ -- be_bytes_to_u32 tests
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u32(0x00000000)",
+ fn = bit32.be_bytes_to_u32,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00) },
+ expected = 0,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u32(0x00000001)",
+ fn = bit32.be_bytes_to_u32,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01) },
+ expected = 1,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u32(0x12345678)",
+ fn = bit32.be_bytes_to_u32,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78) },
+ expected = 0x12345678,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u32(0xFFFFFFFF)",
+ fn = bit32.be_bytes_to_u32,
+ inputs = { string.char(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF) },
+ expected = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+ },
+
+ -- le_bytes_to_u32 tests
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u32(0x00000000)",
+ fn = bit32.le_bytes_to_u32,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00) },
+ expected = 0,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u32(0x00000001)",
+ fn = bit32.le_bytes_to_u32,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00) },
+ expected = 1,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u32(0x12345678)",
+ fn = bit32.le_bytes_to_u32,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12) },
+ expected = 0x12345678,
+ },
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u32(0xFFFFFFFF)",
+ fn = bit32.le_bytes_to_u32,
+ inputs = { string.char(0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF, 0xFF) },
+ expected = 0xFFFFFFFF,
+ },
+ }
+
+ for _, test in ipairs(test_vectors) do
+ total = total + 1
+ local result = test.fn(unpack_fn(test.inputs))
+ if result == test.expected then
+ print(" PASS: " .. test.name)
+ passed = passed + 1
+ else
+ print(" FAIL: " .. test.name)
+ if type(test.expected) == "string" then
+ local exp_hex, got_hex = "", ""
+ for i = 1, #test.expected do
+ exp_hex = exp_hex .. string.format("%02X", string.byte(test.expected, i))
+ end
+ for i = 1, #result do
+ got_hex = got_hex .. string.format("%02X", string.byte(result, i))
+ end
+ print(" Expected: " .. exp_hex)
+ print(" Got: " .. got_hex)
+ else
+ print(string.format(" Expected: 0x%08X", test.expected))
+ print(string.format(" Got: 0x%08X", result))
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ print(string.format("\n32-bit operations: %d/%d tests passed\n", passed, total))
+ return passed == total
+end
+
+return bit32
diff --git a/src/bitn/bit64.lua b/src/bitn/bit64.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..01d5dc8
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bitn/bit64.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,621 @@
+--- @module "bitn.bit64"
+--- Pure Lua 64-bit bitwise operations library.
+--- This module provides 64-bit bitwise operations using {high, low} pairs,
+--- where high is the upper 32 bits and low is the lower 32 bits.
+--- Works across Lua 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and LuaJIT without depending on
+--- any built-in bit libraries.
+--- @class bit64
+local bit64 = {}
+
+local bit32 = require("bitn.bit32")
+
+-- Type definitions
+--- @alias Int64HighLow [integer, integer] Array with [1]=high 32 bits, [2]=low 32 bits
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Bitwise operations
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Bitwise AND operation.
+--- @param a Int64HighLow First operand {high, low}
+--- @param b Int64HighLow Second operand {high, low}
+--- @return Int64HighLow result {high, low} AND result
+function bit64.band(a, b)
+ return {
+ bit32.band(a[1], b[1]),
+ bit32.band(a[2], b[2]),
+ }
+end
+
+--- Bitwise OR operation.
+--- @param a Int64HighLow First operand {high, low}
+--- @param b Int64HighLow Second operand {high, low}
+--- @return Int64HighLow result {high, low} OR result
+function bit64.bor(a, b)
+ return {
+ bit32.bor(a[1], b[1]),
+ bit32.bor(a[2], b[2]),
+ }
+end
+
+--- Bitwise XOR operation.
+--- @param a Int64HighLow First operand {high, low}
+--- @param b Int64HighLow Second operand {high, low}
+--- @return Int64HighLow result {high, low} XOR result
+function bit64.bxor(a, b)
+ return {
+ bit32.bxor(a[1], b[1]),
+ bit32.bxor(a[2], b[2]),
+ }
+end
+
+--- Bitwise NOT operation.
+--- @param a Int64HighLow Operand {high, low}
+--- @return Int64HighLow result {high, low} NOT result
+function bit64.bnot(a)
+ return {
+ bit32.bnot(a[1]),
+ bit32.bnot(a[2]),
+ }
+end
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Shift operations
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Left shift operation.
+--- @param x Int64HighLow Value to shift {high, low}
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to shift (must be >= 0)
+--- @return Int64HighLow result {high, low} shifted value
+function bit64.lshift(x, n)
+ if n == 0 then
+ return { x[1], x[2] }
+ elseif n >= 64 then
+ return { 0, 0 }
+ elseif n >= 32 then
+ -- Shift by 32 or more: low becomes 0, high gets bits from low
+ return { bit32.lshift(x[2], n - 32), 0 }
+ else
+ -- Shift by less than 32
+ local new_high = bit32.bor(bit32.lshift(x[1], n), bit32.rshift(x[2], 32 - n))
+ local new_low = bit32.lshift(x[2], n)
+ return { new_high, new_low }
+ end
+end
+
+--- Logical right shift operation (fills with 0s).
+--- @param x Int64HighLow Value to shift {high, low}
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to shift (must be >= 0)
+--- @return Int64HighLow result {high, low} shifted value
+function bit64.rshift(x, n)
+ if n == 0 then
+ return { x[1], x[2] }
+ elseif n >= 64 then
+ return { 0, 0 }
+ elseif n >= 32 then
+ -- Shift by 32 or more: high becomes 0, low gets bits from high
+ return { 0, bit32.rshift(x[1], n - 32) }
+ else
+ -- Shift by less than 32
+ local new_low = bit32.bor(bit32.rshift(x[2], n), bit32.lshift(x[1], 32 - n))
+ local new_high = bit32.rshift(x[1], n)
+ return { new_high, new_low }
+ end
+end
+
+--- Arithmetic right shift operation (sign-extending, fills with sign bit).
+--- @param x Int64HighLow Value to shift {high, low}
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to shift (must be >= 0)
+--- @return Int64HighLow result {high, low} shifted value
+function bit64.arshift(x, n)
+ if n == 0 then
+ return { x[1], x[2] }
+ end
+
+ -- Check sign bit (bit 31 of high word)
+ local is_negative = bit32.band(x[1], 0x80000000) ~= 0
+
+ if n >= 64 then
+ -- All bits shift out, result is all 1s if negative, all 0s if positive
+ if is_negative then
+ return { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF }
+ else
+ return { 0, 0 }
+ end
+ elseif n >= 32 then
+ -- High word shifts into low, high fills with sign
+ local new_low = bit32.arshift(x[1], n - 32)
+ local new_high = is_negative and 0xFFFFFFFF or 0
+ return { new_high, new_low }
+ else
+ -- Shift by less than 32
+ local new_low = bit32.bor(bit32.rshift(x[2], n), bit32.lshift(x[1], 32 - n))
+ local new_high = bit32.arshift(x[1], n)
+ return { new_high, new_low }
+ end
+end
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Rotate operations
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Left rotate operation.
+--- @param x Int64HighLow Value to rotate {high, low}
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to rotate
+--- @return Int64HighLow result {high, low} rotated value
+function bit64.rol(x, n)
+ n = n % 64
+ if n == 0 then
+ return { x[1], x[2] }
+ end
+
+ local high, low = x[1], x[2]
+
+ if n == 32 then
+ -- Special case: swap high and low
+ return { low, high }
+ elseif n < 32 then
+ -- Rotate within 32-bit boundaries
+ local new_high = bit32.bor(bit32.lshift(high, n), bit32.rshift(low, 32 - n))
+ local new_low = bit32.bor(bit32.lshift(low, n), bit32.rshift(high, 32 - n))
+ return { new_high, new_low }
+ else
+ -- n > 32: rotate by (n - 32) after swapping
+ n = n - 32
+ local new_high = bit32.bor(bit32.lshift(low, n), bit32.rshift(high, 32 - n))
+ local new_low = bit32.bor(bit32.lshift(high, n), bit32.rshift(low, 32 - n))
+ return { new_high, new_low }
+ end
+end
+
+--- Right rotate operation.
+--- @param x Int64HighLow Value to rotate {high, low}
+--- @param n integer Number of positions to rotate
+--- @return Int64HighLow result {high, low} rotated value
+function bit64.ror(x, n)
+ n = n % 64
+ if n == 0 then
+ return { x[1], x[2] }
+ end
+
+ local high, low = x[1], x[2]
+
+ if n == 32 then
+ -- Special case: swap high and low
+ return { low, high }
+ elseif n < 32 then
+ -- Rotate within 32-bit boundaries
+ local new_low = bit32.bor(bit32.rshift(low, n), bit32.lshift(high, 32 - n))
+ local new_high = bit32.bor(bit32.rshift(high, n), bit32.lshift(low, 32 - n))
+ return { new_high, new_low }
+ else
+ -- n > 32: rotate by (n - 32) after swapping
+ n = n - 32
+ local new_low = bit32.bor(bit32.rshift(high, n), bit32.lshift(low, 32 - n))
+ local new_high = bit32.bor(bit32.rshift(low, n), bit32.lshift(high, 32 - n))
+ return { new_high, new_low }
+ end
+end
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Arithmetic operations
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- 64-bit addition with overflow handling.
+--- @param a Int64HighLow First operand {high, low}
+--- @param b Int64HighLow Second operand {high, low}
+--- @return Int64HighLow result {high, low} sum
+function bit64.add(a, b)
+ local low = a[2] + b[2]
+ local high = a[1] + b[1]
+
+ -- Handle carry from low to high
+ if low >= 0x100000000 then
+ high = high + 1
+ low = low % 0x100000000
+ end
+
+ -- Keep high within 32 bits
+ high = high % 0x100000000
+
+ return { high, low }
+end
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Byte conversion functions
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Convert 64-bit value to 8 bytes (big-endian).
+--- @param x Int64HighLow 64-bit value {high, low}
+--- @return string bytes 8-byte string in big-endian order
+function bit64.u64_to_be_bytes(x)
+ return bit32.u32_to_be_bytes(x[1]) .. bit32.u32_to_be_bytes(x[2])
+end
+
+--- Convert 64-bit value to 8 bytes (little-endian).
+--- @param x Int64HighLow 64-bit value {high, low}
+--- @return string bytes 8-byte string in little-endian order
+function bit64.u64_to_le_bytes(x)
+ return bit32.u32_to_le_bytes(x[2]) .. bit32.u32_to_le_bytes(x[1])
+end
+
+--- Convert 8 bytes to 64-bit value (big-endian).
+--- @param str string Binary string (at least 8 bytes from offset)
+--- @param offset? integer Starting position (default: 1)
+--- @return Int64HighLow value {high, low} 64-bit value
+function bit64.be_bytes_to_u64(str, offset)
+ offset = offset or 1
+ assert(#str >= offset + 7, "Insufficient bytes for u64")
+ local high = bit32.be_bytes_to_u32(str, offset)
+ local low = bit32.be_bytes_to_u32(str, offset + 4)
+ return { high, low }
+end
+
+--- Convert 8 bytes to 64-bit value (little-endian).
+--- @param str string Binary string (at least 8 bytes from offset)
+--- @param offset? integer Starting position (default: 1)
+--- @return Int64HighLow value {high, low} 64-bit value
+function bit64.le_bytes_to_u64(str, offset)
+ offset = offset or 1
+ assert(#str >= offset + 7, "Insufficient bytes for u64")
+ local low = bit32.le_bytes_to_u32(str, offset)
+ local high = bit32.le_bytes_to_u32(str, offset + 4)
+ return { high, low }
+end
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Aliases for compatibility
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+--- Alias for bxor (compatibility with older API).
+bit64.xor = bit64.bxor
+
+--- Alias for rshift (compatibility with older API).
+bit64.shr = bit64.rshift
+
+--- Alias for lshift (compatibility with older API).
+bit64.lsl = bit64.lshift
+
+--- Alias for arshift (compatibility with older API).
+bit64.asr = bit64.arshift
+
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+-- Self-test
+--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
+
+-- Compatibility for unpack
+local unpack_fn = unpack or table.unpack
+
+--- Compare two 64-bit values (high/low pairs).
+--- @param a Int64HighLow First value {high, low}
+--- @param b Int64HighLow Second value {high, low}
+--- @return boolean equal True if equal
+local function eq64(a, b)
+ return a[1] == b[1] and a[2] == b[2]
+end
+
+--- Format 64-bit value as hex string.
+--- @param x Int64HighLow Value {high, low}
+--- @return string formatted Hex string
+local function fmt64(x)
+ return string.format("{0x%08X, 0x%08X}", x[1], x[2])
+end
+
+--- Run comprehensive self-test with test vectors.
+--- @return boolean result True if all tests pass, false otherwise
+function bit64.selftest()
+ print("Running 64-bit operations test vectors...")
+ local passed = 0
+ local total = 0
+
+ local test_vectors = {
+ -- band tests
+ {
+ name = "band({0xFFFFFFFF, 0}, {0, 0xFFFFFFFF})",
+ fn = bit64.band,
+ inputs = { { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0 }, { 0, 0xFFFFFFFF } },
+ expected = { 0, 0 },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "band({0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF}, {0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF})",
+ fn = bit64.band,
+ inputs = { { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF }, { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF } },
+ expected = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "band({0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555}, {0x55555555, 0xAAAAAAAA})",
+ fn = bit64.band,
+ inputs = { { 0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555 }, { 0x55555555, 0xAAAAAAAA } },
+ expected = { 0, 0 },
+ },
+
+ -- bor tests
+ {
+ name = "bor({0xFFFF0000, 0}, {0, 0x0000FFFF})",
+ fn = bit64.bor,
+ inputs = { { 0xFFFF0000, 0 }, { 0, 0x0000FFFF } },
+ expected = { 0xFFFF0000, 0x0000FFFF },
+ },
+ { name = "bor({0, 0}, {0, 0})", fn = bit64.bor, inputs = { { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 } }, expected = { 0, 0 } },
+ {
+ name = "bor({0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555}, {0x55555555, 0xAAAAAAAA})",
+ fn = bit64.bor,
+ inputs = { { 0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555 }, { 0x55555555, 0xAAAAAAAA } },
+ expected = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ },
+
+ -- bxor tests
+ {
+ name = "bxor({0xFFFFFFFF, 0}, {0, 0xFFFFFFFF})",
+ fn = bit64.bxor,
+ inputs = { { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0 }, { 0, 0xFFFFFFFF } },
+ expected = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "bxor({0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0}, {0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0})",
+ fn = bit64.bxor,
+ inputs = { { 0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0 }, { 0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0 } },
+ expected = { 0, 0 },
+ },
+
+ -- bnot tests
+ { name = "bnot({0, 0})", fn = bit64.bnot, inputs = { { 0, 0 } }, expected = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF } },
+ {
+ name = "bnot({0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF})",
+ fn = bit64.bnot,
+ inputs = { { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF } },
+ expected = { 0, 0 },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "bnot({0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555})",
+ fn = bit64.bnot,
+ inputs = { { 0xAAAAAAAA, 0x55555555 } },
+ expected = { 0x55555555, 0xAAAAAAAA },
+ },
+
+ -- lshift tests
+ { name = "lshift({0, 1}, 0)", fn = bit64.lshift, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 0 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ { name = "lshift({0, 1}, 1)", fn = bit64.lshift, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 1 }, expected = { 0, 2 } },
+ { name = "lshift({0, 1}, 32)", fn = bit64.lshift, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 32 }, expected = { 1, 0 } },
+ { name = "lshift({0, 1}, 63)", fn = bit64.lshift, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 63 }, expected = { 0x80000000, 0 } },
+ { name = "lshift({0, 1}, 64)", fn = bit64.lshift, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 64 }, expected = { 0, 0 } },
+ {
+ name = "lshift({0, 0xFFFFFFFF}, 8)",
+ fn = bit64.lshift,
+ inputs = { { 0, 0xFFFFFFFF }, 8 },
+ expected = { 0xFF, 0xFFFFFF00 },
+ },
+
+ -- rshift tests
+ { name = "rshift({0, 1}, 0)", fn = bit64.rshift, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 0 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ { name = "rshift({0, 2}, 1)", fn = bit64.rshift, inputs = { { 0, 2 }, 1 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ { name = "rshift({1, 0}, 32)", fn = bit64.rshift, inputs = { { 1, 0 }, 32 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ {
+ name = "rshift({0x80000000, 0}, 63)",
+ fn = bit64.rshift,
+ inputs = { { 0x80000000, 0 }, 63 },
+ expected = { 0, 1 },
+ },
+ { name = "rshift({1, 0}, 64)", fn = bit64.rshift, inputs = { { 1, 0 }, 64 }, expected = { 0, 0 } },
+ {
+ name = "rshift({0xFF000000, 0}, 8)",
+ fn = bit64.rshift,
+ inputs = { { 0xFF000000, 0 }, 8 },
+ expected = { 0x00FF0000, 0 },
+ },
+
+ -- arshift tests (sign-extending)
+ {
+ name = "arshift({0x80000000, 0}, 1)",
+ fn = bit64.arshift,
+ inputs = { { 0x80000000, 0 }, 1 },
+ expected = { 0xC0000000, 0 },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "arshift({0x80000000, 0}, 32)",
+ fn = bit64.arshift,
+ inputs = { { 0x80000000, 0 }, 32 },
+ expected = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0x80000000 },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "arshift({0x80000000, 0}, 63)",
+ fn = bit64.arshift,
+ inputs = { { 0x80000000, 0 }, 63 },
+ expected = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "arshift({0x80000000, 0}, 64)",
+ fn = bit64.arshift,
+ inputs = { { 0x80000000, 0 }, 64 },
+ expected = { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "arshift({0x7FFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF}, 1)",
+ fn = bit64.arshift,
+ inputs = { { 0x7FFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF }, 1 },
+ expected = { 0x3FFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "arshift({0x7FFFFFFF, 0}, 63)",
+ fn = bit64.arshift,
+ inputs = { { 0x7FFFFFFF, 0 }, 63 },
+ expected = { 0, 0 },
+ },
+
+ -- rol tests
+ { name = "rol({0, 1}, 0)", fn = bit64.rol, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 0 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ { name = "rol({0, 1}, 1)", fn = bit64.rol, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 1 }, expected = { 0, 2 } },
+ { name = "rol({0x80000000, 0}, 1)", fn = bit64.rol, inputs = { { 0x80000000, 0 }, 1 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ { name = "rol({0, 1}, 32)", fn = bit64.rol, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 32 }, expected = { 1, 0 } },
+ { name = "rol({0, 1}, 64)", fn = bit64.rol, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 64 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ {
+ name = "rol({0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0}, 16)",
+ fn = bit64.rol,
+ inputs = { { 0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0 }, 16 },
+ expected = { 0x56789ABC, 0xDEF01234 },
+ },
+
+ -- ror tests
+ { name = "ror({0, 1}, 0)", fn = bit64.ror, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 0 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ { name = "ror({0, 1}, 1)", fn = bit64.ror, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 1 }, expected = { 0x80000000, 0 } },
+ { name = "ror({0, 2}, 1)", fn = bit64.ror, inputs = { { 0, 2 }, 1 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ { name = "ror({1, 0}, 32)", fn = bit64.ror, inputs = { { 1, 0 }, 32 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ { name = "ror({0, 1}, 64)", fn = bit64.ror, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, 64 }, expected = { 0, 1 } },
+ {
+ name = "ror({0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0}, 16)",
+ fn = bit64.ror,
+ inputs = { { 0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0 }, 16 },
+ expected = { 0xDEF01234, 0x56789ABC },
+ },
+
+ -- add tests
+ { name = "add({0, 0}, {0, 0})", fn = bit64.add, inputs = { { 0, 0 }, { 0, 0 } }, expected = { 0, 0 } },
+ { name = "add({0, 1}, {0, 1})", fn = bit64.add, inputs = { { 0, 1 }, { 0, 1 } }, expected = { 0, 2 } },
+ {
+ name = "add({0, 0xFFFFFFFF}, {0, 1})",
+ fn = bit64.add,
+ inputs = { { 0, 0xFFFFFFFF }, { 0, 1 } },
+ expected = { 1, 0 },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "add({0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF}, {0, 1})",
+ fn = bit64.add,
+ inputs = { { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF }, { 0, 1 } },
+ expected = { 0, 0 },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "add({0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF}, {0, 2})",
+ fn = bit64.add,
+ inputs = { { 0xFFFFFFFF, 0xFFFFFFFF }, { 0, 2 } },
+ expected = { 0, 1 },
+ },
+
+ -- u64_to_be_bytes tests
+ {
+ name = "u64_to_be_bytes({0, 0})",
+ fn = bit64.u64_to_be_bytes,
+ inputs = { { 0, 0 } },
+ expected = string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u64_to_be_bytes({0, 1})",
+ fn = bit64.u64_to_be_bytes,
+ inputs = { { 0, 1 } },
+ expected = string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u64_to_be_bytes({0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0})",
+ fn = bit64.u64_to_be_bytes,
+ inputs = { { 0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0 } },
+ expected = string.char(0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x9A, 0xBC, 0xDE, 0xF0),
+ },
+
+ -- u64_to_le_bytes tests
+ {
+ name = "u64_to_le_bytes({0, 0})",
+ fn = bit64.u64_to_le_bytes,
+ inputs = { { 0, 0 } },
+ expected = string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u64_to_le_bytes({0, 1})",
+ fn = bit64.u64_to_le_bytes,
+ inputs = { { 0, 1 } },
+ expected = string.char(0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00),
+ },
+ {
+ name = "u64_to_le_bytes({0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0})",
+ fn = bit64.u64_to_le_bytes,
+ inputs = { { 0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0 } },
+ expected = string.char(0xF0, 0xDE, 0xBC, 0x9A, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12),
+ },
+
+ -- be_bytes_to_u64 tests
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u64(zeros)",
+ fn = bit64.be_bytes_to_u64,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00) },
+ expected = { 0, 0 },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u64(one)",
+ fn = bit64.be_bytes_to_u64,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x01) },
+ expected = { 0, 1 },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "be_bytes_to_u64(0x123456789ABCDEF0)",
+ fn = bit64.be_bytes_to_u64,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x12, 0x34, 0x56, 0x78, 0x9A, 0xBC, 0xDE, 0xF0) },
+ expected = { 0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0 },
+ },
+
+ -- le_bytes_to_u64 tests
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u64(zeros)",
+ fn = bit64.le_bytes_to_u64,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00) },
+ expected = { 0, 0 },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u64(one)",
+ fn = bit64.le_bytes_to_u64,
+ inputs = { string.char(0x01, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00, 0x00) },
+ expected = { 0, 1 },
+ },
+ {
+ name = "le_bytes_to_u64(0x123456789ABCDEF0)",
+ fn = bit64.le_bytes_to_u64,
+ inputs = { string.char(0xF0, 0xDE, 0xBC, 0x9A, 0x78, 0x56, 0x34, 0x12) },
+ expected = { 0x12345678, 0x9ABCDEF0 },
+ },
+ }
+
+ for _, test in ipairs(test_vectors) do
+ total = total + 1
+ local result = test.fn(unpack_fn(test.inputs))
+
+ if type(test.expected) == "table" then
+ -- 64-bit comparison
+ if eq64(result, test.expected) then
+ print(" PASS: " .. test.name)
+ passed = passed + 1
+ else
+ print(" FAIL: " .. test.name)
+ print(" Expected: " .. fmt64(test.expected))
+ print(" Got: " .. fmt64(result))
+ end
+ elseif type(test.expected) == "string" then
+ -- Byte string comparison
+ if result == test.expected then
+ print(" PASS: " .. test.name)
+ passed = passed + 1
+ else
+ local exp_hex, got_hex = "", ""
+ for i = 1, #test.expected do
+ exp_hex = exp_hex .. string.format("%02X", string.byte(test.expected, i))
+ end
+ for i = 1, #result do
+ got_hex = got_hex .. string.format("%02X", string.byte(result, i))
+ end
+ print(" FAIL: " .. test.name)
+ print(" Expected: " .. exp_hex)
+ print(" Got: " .. got_hex)
+ end
+ else
+ if result == test.expected then
+ print(" PASS: " .. test.name)
+ passed = passed + 1
+ else
+ print(" FAIL: " .. test.name)
+ print(" Expected: " .. tostring(test.expected))
+ print(" Got: " .. tostring(result))
+ end
+ end
+ end
+
+ print(string.format("\n64-bit operations: %d/%d tests passed\n", passed, total))
+ return passed == total
+end
+
+return bit64
diff --git a/src/bitn/init.lua b/src/bitn/init.lua
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..254f6cf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/src/bitn/init.lua
@@ -0,0 +1,37 @@
+--- @module "bitn"
+--- Pure Lua bitwise operations library.
+--- This library provides standalone, version-agnostic implementations of
+--- bitwise operations for 16-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit integers. It works
+--- across Lua 5.1, 5.2, 5.3, 5.4, and LuaJIT without depending on any
+--- built-in bit libraries.
+---
+--- @usage
+--- local bitn = require("bitn")
+--- print(bitn.version())
+---
+--- -- 32-bit operations
+--- local result = bitn.bit32.band(0xFF00, 0x0FF0) -- 0x0F00
+---
+--- -- 64-bit operations (using {high, low} pairs)
+--- local sum = bitn.bit64.add({0, 1}, {0, 2}) -- {0, 3}
+---
+--- -- 16-bit operations
+--- local shifted = bitn.bit16.lshift(1, 8) -- 256
+---
+--- @class bitn
+local bitn = {
+ bit16 = require("bitn.bit16"),
+ bit32 = require("bitn.bit32"),
+ bit64 = require("bitn.bit64"),
+}
+
+--- Library version (injected at build time for releases).
+local VERSION = "dev"
+
+--- Get the library version string.
+--- @return string version Version string (e.g., "v1.0.0" or "dev")
+function bitn.version()
+ return VERSION
+end
+
+return bitn