chore: improve Dockerfile for ci tests #1110

Job	Run time
Collect changes / collect-changes	9s
Python tests / unit-tests (py310)	2m 50s
Python tests / unit-tests (py313)	3m 35s
Python tests / unit-tests (py311)	3m 3s
Python tests / unit-tests (py312)	8m 45s
Python tests / lint-and-format-check	9s
Python tests / types-check	1m 41s
status-check	4s
	20m 16s

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