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2-ui/99-ui-misc/01-mutation-observer/article.md

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# Mutation observer
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`MutationObserver` is a built-in object that observes a DOM element and fires a callback in case of changes.
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`MutationObserver` is a built-in object that observes a DOM element and fires a callback if there are changes.
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We'll first take a look at the syntax, and then explore a real-world use case, to see where such thing may be useful.
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...
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```
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Also we'll use a JavaScript highlighting library on our site, e.g. [Prism.js](https://prismjs.com/). A call to `Prism.highlightElem(pre)` examines the contents of such `pre` elements and adds into them special tags and styles for colored syntax highlighting, similar to what you see in examples here, at this page.
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Also we'll use a JavaScript highlighting library on our site, e.g. [Prism.js](https://prismjs.com/). A call to `Prism.highlightElem(pre)` examines the contents of such `pre` elements and adds into them special tags and styles for colored syntax highlighting, similar to what you see in examples here, on this page.
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When exactly to run that highlighting method? We can do it on `DOMContentLoaded` event, or at the bottom of the page. At that moment we have our DOM ready, can search for elements `pre[class*="language"]` and call `Prism.highlightElem` on them:
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When exactly should we run that highlighting method? We can do it on `DOMContentLoaded` event, or at the bottom of the page. At that moment we have our DOM ready, we can search for elements `pre[class*="language"]` and call `Prism.highlightElem` on them:
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```js
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// highlight all code snippets on the page
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document.querySelectorAll('pre[class*="language"]').forEach(Prism.highlightElem);
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```
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Everything's simple so far, right? There are `<pre>` code snippets in HTML, we highlight them.
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Everything's simple so far, right? Where there are `<pre>` code snippets in HTML, we highlight them.
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Now let's go on. Let's say we're going to dynamically fetch materials from a server. We'll study methods for that [later in the tutorial](info:fetch). For now it only matters that we fetch an HTML article from a webserver and display it on demand:
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*/!*
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```
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...But imagine, we have many places in the code where we load contents: articles, quizzes, forum posts. Do we need to put the highlighting call everywhere? That's not very convenient, and also easy to forget.
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...But imagine, we have many places in the code where we load content: articles, quizzes, forum posts. Do we need to put the highlighting call everywhere? That's not very convenient, and also easy to forget.
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And what if the content is loaded by a third-party module? E.g. we have a forum written by someone else, that loads contents dynamically, and we'd like to add syntax highlighting to it. No one likes to patch third-party scripts.
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And what if the content is loaded by a third-party module? E.g. we have a forum written by someone else, that loads content dynamically, and we'd like to add syntax highlighting to it. No one likes patching third-party scripts.
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Luckily, there's another option.
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We can use `MutationObserver` to automatically detect when code snippets are inserted in the page and highlight them.
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We can use `MutationObserver` to automatically detect when code snippets are inserted into the page and highlight them.
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So we'll handle the highlighting functionality in one place, relieving us from the need to integrate it.
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- `observer.disconnect()` -- stops the observation.
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When we stop the observing, it might be possible that some changes were not processed by the observer yet.
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When we stop the observing, it might be possible that some changes were not yet processed by the observer.
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- `observer.takeRecords()` -- gets a list of unprocessed mutation records, those that happened, but the callback did not handle them.
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- `observer.takeRecords()` -- gets a list of unprocessed mutation records, those that happened, but the callback has not handled them.
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These methods can be used together, like this:
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```
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```smart header="Garbage collection interaction"
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Observers use weak references to nodes internally. That is: if a node is removed from DOM, and becomes unreachable, then it becomes garbage collected.
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Observers use weak references to nodes internally. That is: if a node is removed from the DOM, and becomes unreachable, then it can be garbage collected.
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The mere fact that a DOM node is observed doesn't prevent the garbage collection.
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```
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## Summary
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`MutationObserver` can react on changes in DOM: attributes, added/removed elements, text content.
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`MutationObserver` can react to changes in DOM: attributes, added/removed elements, text content.
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We can use it to track changes introduced by other parts of our code, as well as to integrate with third-party scripts.
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