From 96ac7427f58545302a9b57dbd4d67eed6a15135f Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Asriel Yu <luffy84217@gmail.com>
Date: Wed, 10 Sep 2025 22:34:44 +0800
Subject: [PATCH] doc: add missing api fs cjs code snippet

There's non toggle button at every piece of code in file system doc.
This would be of no use if the developer has not imported the fs module
in every piece of code just like in any other docs.

Fixes: https://github.com/nodejs/node/issues/59769
Refs: https://nodejs.org/docs/latest/api/fs.html
---
 doc/api/fs.md | 977 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++-
 1 file changed, 966 insertions(+), 11 deletions(-)

diff --git a/doc/api/fs.md b/doc/api/fs.md
index c0c88a3abb90c1..2eb4739ed5084e 100644
--- a/doc/api/fs.md
+++ b/doc/api/fs.md
@@ -253,6 +253,19 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  let filehandle;
+  try {
+    filehandle = await open('thefile.txt', 'r');
+  } finally {
+    await filehandle?.close();
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 #### `filehandle.createReadStream([options])`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -303,6 +316,26 @@ setTimeout(() => {
 }, 100);
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  const fd = await open('/dev/input/event0');
+  // Create a stream from some character device.
+  const stream = fd.createReadStream();
+  setTimeout(() => {
+    stream.close(); // This may not close the stream.
+    // Artificially marking end-of-stream, as if the underlying resource had
+    // indicated end-of-file by itself, allows the stream to close.
+    // This does not cancel pending read operations, and if there is such an
+    // operation, the process may still not be able to exit successfully
+    // until it finishes.
+    stream.push(null);
+    stream.read(0);
+  }, 100);
+})();
+```
+
 If `autoClose` is false, then the file descriptor won't be closed, even if
 there's an error. It is the application's responsibility to close it and make
 sure there's no file descriptor leak. If `autoClose` is set to true (default
@@ -318,6 +351,15 @@ const fd = await open('sample.txt');
 fd.createReadStream({ start: 90, end: 99 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  const fd = await open('sample.txt');
+  fd.createReadStream({ start: 90, end: 99 });
+})();
+```
+
 #### `filehandle.createWriteStream([options])`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -511,9 +553,7 @@ An error will be thrown if this method is called more than once or is called
 after the `FileHandle` is closed or closing.
 
 ```mjs
-import {
-  open,
-} from 'node:fs/promises';
+import { open } from 'node:fs/promises';
 
 const file = await open('./some/file/to/read');
 
@@ -524,9 +564,7 @@ await file.close();
 ```
 
 ```cjs
-const {
-  open,
-} = require('node:fs/promises');
+const { open } = require('node:fs/promises');
 
 (async () => {
   const file = await open('./some/file/to/read');
@@ -681,6 +719,20 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  let filehandle = null;
+  try {
+    filehandle = await open('temp.txt', 'r+');
+    await filehandle.truncate(4);
+  } finally {
+    await filehandle?.close();
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 If the file previously was shorter than `len` bytes, it is extended, and the
 extended part is filled with null bytes (`'\0'`):
 
@@ -908,6 +960,19 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { access, constants } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  try {
+    await access('/etc/passwd', constants.R_OK | constants.W_OK);
+    console.log('can access');
+  } catch {
+    console.error('cannot access');
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 Using `fsPromises.access()` to check for the accessibility of a file before
 calling `fsPromises.open()` is not recommended. Doing so introduces a race
 condition, since other processes may change the file's state between the two
@@ -1026,6 +1091,27 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { copyFile, constants } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  try {
+    await copyFile('source.txt', 'destination.txt');
+    console.log('source.txt was copied to destination.txt');
+  } catch {
+    console.error('The file could not be copied');
+  }
+
+  // By using COPYFILE_EXCL, the operation will fail if destination.txt exists.
+  try {
+    await copyFile('source.txt', 'destination.txt', constants.COPYFILE_EXCL);
+    console.log('source.txt was copied to destination.txt');
+  } catch {
+    console.error('The file could not be copied');
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 ### `fsPromises.cp(src, dest[, options])`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -1315,6 +1401,20 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { mkdtemp } = require('node:fs/promises');
+const { join } = require('node:path');
+const { tmpdir } = require('node:os');
+
+(async () => {
+  try {
+    await mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'foo-'));
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error(err);
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 The `fsPromises.mkdtemp()` method will append the six randomly selected
 characters directly to the `prefix` string. For instance, given a directory
 `/tmp`, if the intention is to create a temporary directory _within_ `/tmp`, the
@@ -1428,6 +1528,20 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { opendir } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  try {
+    const dir = await opendir('./');
+    for await (const dirent of dir)
+      console.log(dirent.name);
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error(err);
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 When using the async iterator, the {fs.Dir} object will be automatically
 closed after the iterator exits.
 
@@ -1478,6 +1592,20 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readdir } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  try {
+    const files = await readdir(path);
+    for (const file of files)
+      console.log(file);
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error(err);
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 ### `fsPromises.readFile(path[, options])`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -1560,6 +1688,26 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readFile } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  try {
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const { signal } = controller;
+    const promise = readFile(fileName, { signal });
+
+    // Abort the request before the promise settles.
+    controller.abort();
+
+    await promise;
+  } catch (err) {
+    // When a request is aborted - err is an AbortError
+    console.error(err);
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 Aborting an ongoing request does not abort individual operating
 system requests but rather the internal buffering `fs.readFile` performs.
 
@@ -1950,6 +2098,28 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { writeFile } = require('node:fs/promises');
+const { Buffer } = require('node:buffer');
+
+(async () => {
+  try {
+    const controller = new AbortController();
+    const { signal } = controller;
+    const data = new Uint8Array(Buffer.from('Hello Node.js'));
+    const promise = writeFile('message.txt', data, { signal });
+
+    // Abort the request before the promise settles.
+    controller.abort();
+
+    await promise;
+  } catch (err) {
+    // When a request is aborted - err is an AbortError
+    console.error(err);
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 Aborting an ongoing request does not abort individual operating
 system requests but rather the internal buffering `fs.writeFile` performs.
 
@@ -2053,6 +2223,32 @@ access(file, constants.R_OK | constants.W_OK, (err) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { access, constants } = require('node:fs');
+
+const file = 'package.json';
+
+// Check if the file exists in the current directory.
+access(file, constants.F_OK, (err) => {
+  console.log(`${file} ${err ? 'does not exist' : 'exists'}`);
+});
+
+// Check if the file is readable.
+access(file, constants.R_OK, (err) => {
+  console.log(`${file} ${err ? 'is not readable' : 'is readable'}`);
+});
+
+// Check if the file is writable.
+access(file, constants.W_OK, (err) => {
+  console.log(`${file} ${err ? 'is not writable' : 'is writable'}`);
+});
+
+// Check if the file is readable and writable.
+access(file, constants.R_OK | constants.W_OK, (err) => {
+  console.log(`${file} ${err ? 'is not' : 'is'} readable and writable`);
+});
+```
+
 Do not use `fs.access()` to check for the accessibility of a file before calling
 `fs.open()`, `fs.readFile()`, or `fs.writeFile()`. Doing
 so introduces a race condition, since other processes may change the file's
@@ -2084,6 +2280,29 @@ access('myfile', (err) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { access, open, close } = require('node:fs');
+
+access('myfile', (err) => {
+  if (!err) {
+    console.error('myfile already exists');
+    return;
+  }
+
+  open('myfile', 'wx', (err, fd) => {
+    if (err) throw err;
+
+    try {
+      writeMyData(fd);
+    } finally {
+      close(fd, (err) => {
+        if (err) throw err;
+      });
+    }
+  });
+});
+```
+
 **write (RECOMMENDED)**
 
 ```mjs
@@ -2109,10 +2328,61 @@ open('myfile', 'wx', (err, fd) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open, close } = require('node:fs');
+
+open('myfile', 'wx', (err, fd) => {
+  if (err) {
+    if (err.code === 'EEXIST') {
+      console.error('myfile already exists');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    writeMyData(fd);
+  } finally {
+    close(fd, (err) => {
+      if (err) throw err;
+    });
+  }
+});
+```
+
 **read (NOT RECOMMENDED)**
 
 ```mjs
 import { access, open, close } from 'node:fs';
+
+access('myfile', (err) => {
+  if (err) {
+    if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      console.error('myfile does not exist');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  open('myfile', 'r', (err, fd) => {
+    if (err) throw err;
+
+    try {
+      readMyData(fd);
+    } finally {
+      close(fd, (err) => {
+        if (err) throw err;
+      });
+    }
+  });
+});
+```
+
+```cjs
+const { access, open, close } = require('node:fs');
+
 access('myfile', (err) => {
   if (err) {
     if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
@@ -2162,6 +2432,29 @@ open('myfile', 'r', (err, fd) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open, close } = require('node:fs');
+
+open('myfile', 'r', (err, fd) => {
+  if (err) {
+    if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      console.error('myfile does not exist');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    readMyData(fd);
+  } finally {
+    close(fd, (err) => {
+      if (err) throw err;
+    });
+  }
+});
+```
+
 The "not recommended" examples above check for accessibility and then use the
 file; the "recommended" examples are better because they use the file directly
 and handle the error, if any.
@@ -2232,6 +2525,15 @@ appendFile('message.txt', 'data to append', (err) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { appendFile } = require('node:fs');
+
+appendFile('message.txt', 'data to append', (err) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  console.log('The "data to append" was appended to file!');
+});
+```
+
 If `options` is a string, then it specifies the encoding:
 
 ```mjs
@@ -2240,6 +2542,12 @@ import { appendFile } from 'node:fs';
 appendFile('message.txt', 'data to append', 'utf8', callback);
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { appendFile } = require('node:fs');
+
+appendFile('message.txt', 'data to append', 'utf8', callback);
+```
+
 The `path` may be specified as a numeric file descriptor that has been opened
 for appending (using `fs.open()` or `fs.openSync()`). The file descriptor will
 not be closed automatically.
@@ -2268,6 +2576,30 @@ open('message.txt', 'a', (err, fd) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open, close, appendFile } = require('node:fs');
+
+function closeFd(fd) {
+  close(fd, (err) => {
+    if (err) throw err;
+  });
+}
+
+open('message.txt', 'a', (err, fd) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+
+  try {
+    appendFile(fd, 'data to append', 'utf8', (err) => {
+      closeFd(fd);
+      if (err) throw err;
+    });
+  } catch (err) {
+    closeFd(fd);
+    throw err;
+  }
+});
+```
+
 ### `fs.chmod(path, mode, callback)`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -2311,6 +2643,15 @@ chmod('my_file.txt', 0o775, (err) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { chmod } = require('node:fs');
+
+chmod('my_file.txt', 0o775, (err) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  console.log('The permissions for file "my_file.txt" have been changed!');
+});
+```
+
 #### File modes
 
 The `mode` argument used in both the `fs.chmod()` and `fs.chmodSync()`
@@ -2490,6 +2831,21 @@ copyFile('source.txt', 'destination.txt', callback);
 copyFile('source.txt', 'destination.txt', constants.COPYFILE_EXCL, callback);
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { copyFile, constants } = require('node:fs');
+
+function callback(err) {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  console.log('source.txt was copied to destination.txt');
+}
+
+// destination.txt will be created or overwritten by default.
+copyFile('source.txt', 'destination.txt', callback);
+
+// By using COPYFILE_EXCL, the operation will fail if destination.txt exists.
+copyFile('source.txt', 'destination.txt', constants.COPYFILE_EXCL, callback);
+```
+
 ### `fs.cp(src, dest[, options], callback)`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -2658,6 +3014,23 @@ setTimeout(() => {
 }, 100);
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { createReadStream } = require('node:fs');
+
+// Create a stream from some character device.
+const stream = createReadStream('/dev/input/event0');
+setTimeout(() => {
+  stream.close(); // This may not close the stream.
+  // Artificially marking end-of-stream, as if the underlying resource had
+  // indicated end-of-file by itself, allows the stream to close.
+  // This does not cancel pending read operations, and if there is such an
+  // operation, the process may still not be able to exit successfully
+  // until it finishes.
+  stream.push(null);
+  stream.read(0);
+}, 100);
+```
+
 If `autoClose` is false, then the file descriptor won't be closed, even if
 there's an error. It is the application's responsibility to close it and make
 sure there's no file descriptor leak. If `autoClose` is set to true (default
@@ -2675,6 +3048,12 @@ import { createReadStream } from 'node:fs';
 createReadStream('sample.txt', { start: 90, end: 99 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { createReadStream } = require('node:fs');
+
+createReadStream('sample.txt', { start: 90, end: 99 });
+```
+
 If `options` is a string, then it specifies the encoding.
 
 ### `fs.createWriteStream(path[, options])`
@@ -2800,8 +3179,16 @@ changes:
 Test whether or not the element at the given `path` exists by checking with the file system.
 Then call the `callback` argument with either true or false:
 
-```mjs
-import { exists } from 'node:fs';
+```mjs
+import { exists } from 'node:fs';
+
+exists('/etc/passwd', (e) => {
+  console.log(e ? 'it exists' : 'no passwd!');
+});
+```
+
+```cjs
+const { exists } = require('node:fs');
 
 exists('/etc/passwd', (e) => {
   console.log(e ? 'it exists' : 'no passwd!');
@@ -2847,6 +3234,28 @@ exists('myfile', (e) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { exists, open, close } = require('node:fs');
+
+exists('myfile', (e) => {
+  if (e) {
+    console.error('myfile already exists');
+  } else {
+    open('myfile', 'wx', (err, fd) => {
+      if (err) throw err;
+
+      try {
+        writeMyData(fd);
+      } finally {
+        close(fd, (err) => {
+          if (err) throw err;
+        });
+      }
+    });
+  }
+});
+```
+
 **write (RECOMMENDED)**
 
 ```mjs
@@ -2871,6 +3280,28 @@ open('myfile', 'wx', (err, fd) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open, close } = require('node:fs');
+open('myfile', 'wx', (err, fd) => {
+  if (err) {
+    if (err.code === 'EEXIST') {
+      console.error('myfile already exists');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    writeMyData(fd);
+  } finally {
+    close(fd, (err) => {
+      if (err) throw err;
+    });
+  }
+});
+```
+
 **read (NOT RECOMMENDED)**
 
 ```mjs
@@ -2895,6 +3326,28 @@ exists('myfile', (e) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open, close, exists } = require('node:fs');
+
+exists('myfile', (e) => {
+  if (e) {
+    open('myfile', 'r', (err, fd) => {
+      if (err) throw err;
+
+      try {
+        readMyData(fd);
+      } finally {
+        close(fd, (err) => {
+          if (err) throw err;
+        });
+      }
+    });
+  } else {
+    console.error('myfile does not exist');
+  }
+});
+```
+
 **read (RECOMMENDED)**
 
 ```mjs
@@ -2920,6 +3373,29 @@ open('myfile', 'r', (err, fd) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open, close } = require('node:fs');
+
+open('myfile', 'r', (err, fd) => {
+  if (err) {
+    if (err.code === 'ENOENT') {
+      console.error('myfile does not exist');
+      return;
+    }
+
+    throw err;
+  }
+
+  try {
+    readMyData(fd);
+  } finally {
+    close(fd, (err) => {
+      if (err) throw err;
+    });
+  }
+});
+```
+
 The "not recommended" examples above check for existence and then use the
 file; the "recommended" examples are better because they use the file directly
 and handle the error, if any.
@@ -3143,6 +3619,30 @@ open('temp.txt', 'r+', (err, fd) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open, close, ftruncate } = require('node:fs');
+
+function closeFd(fd) {
+  close(fd, (err) => {
+    if (err) throw err;
+  });
+}
+
+open('temp.txt', 'r+', (err, fd) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+
+  try {
+    ftruncate(fd, 4, (err) => {
+      closeFd(fd);
+      if (err) throw err;
+    });
+  } catch (err) {
+    closeFd(fd);
+    if (err) throw err;
+  }
+});
+```
+
 If the file previously was shorter than `len` bytes, it is extended, and the
 extended part is filled with null bytes (`'\0'`):
 
@@ -3483,6 +3983,15 @@ mkdir('./tmp/a/apple', { recursive: true }, (err) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { mkdir } = require('node:fs');
+
+// Create ./tmp/a/apple, regardless of whether ./tmp and ./tmp/a exist.
+mkdir('./tmp/a/apple', { recursive: true }, (err) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+});
+```
+
 On Windows, using `fs.mkdir()` on the root directory even with recursion will
 result in an error:
 
@@ -3494,6 +4003,14 @@ mkdir('/', { recursive: true }, (err) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { mkdir } = require('node:fs');
+
+mkdir('/', { recursive: true }, (err) => {
+  // => [Error: EPERM: operation not permitted, mkdir 'C:\']
+});
+```
+
 See the POSIX mkdir(2) documentation for more details.
 
 ### `fs.mkdtemp(prefix[, options], callback)`
@@ -3562,6 +4079,18 @@ mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'foo-'), (err, directory) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { mkdtemp } = require('node:fs');
+const { join } = require('node:path');
+const { tmpdir } = require('node:os');
+
+mkdtemp(join(tmpdir(), 'foo-'), (err, directory) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  console.log(directory);
+  // Prints: /tmp/foo-itXde2 or C:\Users\...\AppData\Local\Temp\foo-itXde2
+});
+```
+
 The `fs.mkdtemp()` method will append the six randomly selected characters
 directly to the `prefix` string. For instance, given a directory `/tmp`, if the
 intention is to create a temporary directory _within_ `/tmp`, the `prefix`
@@ -3595,6 +4124,33 @@ mkdtemp(`${tmpDir}${sep}`, (err, directory) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { tmpdir } = require('node:os');
+const { mkdtemp } = require('node:fs');
+
+// The parent directory for the new temporary directory
+const tmpDir = tmpdir();
+
+// This method is *INCORRECT*:
+mkdtemp(tmpDir, (err, directory) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  console.log(directory);
+  // Will print something similar to `/tmpabc123`.
+  // A new temporary directory is created at the file system root
+  // rather than *within* the /tmp directory.
+});
+
+// This method is *CORRECT*:
+import { sep } from 'node:path';
+mkdtemp(`${tmpDir}${sep}`, (err, directory) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  console.log(directory);
+  // Will print something similar to `/tmp/abc123`.
+  // A new temporary directory is created within
+  // the /tmp directory.
+});
+```
+
 ### `fs.open(path[, flags[, mode]], callback)`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -3977,6 +4533,15 @@ readFile('/etc/passwd', (err, data) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readFile } = require('node:fs');
+
+readFile('/etc/passwd', (err, data) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  console.log(data);
+});
+```
+
 The callback is passed two arguments `(err, data)`, where `data` is the
 contents of the file.
 
@@ -3990,6 +4555,11 @@ import { readFile } from 'node:fs';
 readFile('/etc/passwd', 'utf8', callback);
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readFile } = require('node:fs');
+
+readFile('/etc/passwd', 'utf8', callback);
+``
 When the path is a directory, the behavior of `fs.readFile()` and
 [`fs.readFileSync()`][] is platform-specific. On macOS, Linux, and Windows, an
 error will be returned. On FreeBSD, a representation of the directory's contents
@@ -4009,6 +4579,20 @@ readFile('<directory>', (err, data) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readFile } = require('node:fs');
+
+// macOS, Linux, and Windows
+readFile('<directory>', (err, data) => {
+  // => [Error: EISDIR: illegal operation on a directory, read <directory>]
+});
+
+//  FreeBSD
+readFile('<directory>', (err, data) => {
+  // => null, <data>
+});
+```
+
 It is possible to abort an ongoing request using an `AbortSignal`. If a
 request is aborted the callback is called with an `AbortError`:
 
@@ -4024,6 +4608,18 @@ readFile(fileInfo[0].name, { signal }, (err, buf) => {
 controller.abort();
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readFile } = require('node:fs');
+
+const controller = new AbortController();
+const signal = controller.signal;
+readFile(fileInfo[0].name, { signal }, (err, buf) => {
+  // ...
+});
+// When you want to abort the request
+controller.abort();
+```
+
 The `fs.readFile()` function buffers the entire file. To minimize memory costs,
 when possible prefer streaming via `fs.createReadStream()`.
 
@@ -4289,6 +4885,15 @@ rename('oldFile.txt', 'newFile.txt', (err) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { rename } = require('node:fs');
+
+rename('oldFile.txt', 'newFile.txt', (err) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  console.log('Rename complete!');
+});
+```
+
 ### `fs.rmdir(path[, options], callback)`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -4472,6 +5077,19 @@ for (let i = 0; i < pathsToCheck.length; i++) {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { stat } = require('node:fs');
+
+const pathsToCheck = ['./txtDir', './txtDir/file.txt'];
+
+for (let i = 0; i < pathsToCheck.length; i++) {
+  stat(pathsToCheck[i], (err, stats) => {
+    console.log(stats.isDirectory());
+    console.log(stats);
+  });
+}
+```
+
 The resulting output will resemble:
 
 ```console
@@ -4589,6 +5207,12 @@ import { symlink } from 'node:fs';
 symlink('./mew', './mewtwo', callback);
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { symlink } = require('node:fs');
+
+symlink('./mew', './mewtwo', callback);
+```
+
 The above example creates a symbolic link `mewtwo` which points to `mew` in the
 same directory:
 
@@ -4695,6 +5319,15 @@ unlink('path/file.txt', (err) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { unlink } = require('node:fs');
+// Assuming that 'path/file.txt' is a regular file.
+unlink('path/file.txt', (err) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  console.log('path/file.txt was deleted');
+});
+```
+
 `fs.unlink()` will not work on a directory, empty or otherwise. To remove a
 directory, use [`fs.rmdir()`][].
 
@@ -4902,6 +5535,18 @@ watch('somedir', (eventType, filename) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { watch } = require('node:fs');
+watch('somedir', (eventType, filename) => {
+  console.log(`event type is: ${eventType}`);
+  if (filename) {
+    console.log(`filename provided: ${filename}`);
+  } else {
+    console.log('filename not provided');
+  }
+});
+```
+
 ### `fs.watchFile(filename[, options], listener)`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -4947,6 +5592,15 @@ watchFile('message.text', (curr, prev) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { watchFile } = require('node:fs');
+
+watchFile('message.text', (curr, prev) => {
+  console.log(`the current mtime is: ${curr.mtime}`);
+  console.log(`the previous mtime was: ${prev.mtime}`);
+});
+```
+
 These stat objects are instances of `fs.Stat`. If the `bigint` option is `true`,
 the numeric values in these objects are specified as `BigInt`s.
 
@@ -5223,9 +5877,20 @@ The `encoding` option is ignored if `data` is a buffer.
 The `mode` option only affects the newly created file. See [`fs.open()`][]
 for more details.
 
-```mjs
-import { writeFile } from 'node:fs';
-import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';
+```mjs
+import { writeFile } from 'node:fs';
+import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';
+
+const data = new Uint8Array(Buffer.from('Hello Node.js'));
+writeFile('message.txt', data, (err) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  console.log('The file has been saved!');
+});
+```
+
+```cjs
+const { writeFile } = require('node:fs');
+const { Buffer } = require('node:buffer');
 
 const data = new Uint8Array(Buffer.from('Hello Node.js'));
 writeFile('message.txt', data, (err) => {
@@ -5242,6 +5907,12 @@ import { writeFile } from 'node:fs';
 writeFile('message.txt', 'Hello Node.js', 'utf8', callback);
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { writeFile } = require('node:fs');
+
+writeFile('message.txt', 'Hello Node.js', 'utf8', callback);
+```
+
 It is unsafe to use `fs.writeFile()` multiple times on the same file without
 waiting for the callback. For this scenario, [`fs.createWriteStream()`][] is
 recommended.
@@ -5268,6 +5939,20 @@ writeFile('message.txt', data, { signal }, (err) => {
 controller.abort();
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { writeFile } = require('node:fs');
+const { Buffer } = require('node:buffer');
+
+const controller = new AbortController();
+const { signal } = controller;
+const data = new Uint8Array(Buffer.from('Hello Node.js'));
+writeFile('message.txt', data, { signal }, (err) => {
+  // When a request is aborted - the callback is called with an AbortError
+});
+// When the request should be aborted
+controller.abort();
+```
+
 Aborting an ongoing request does not abort individual operating
 system requests but rather the internal buffering `fs.writeFile` performs.
 
@@ -5283,6 +5968,13 @@ import { Buffer } from 'node:buffer';
 write(fd, Buffer.from(data, options.encoding), callback);
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { write } = require('node:fs');
+const { Buffer } = require('node:buffer');
+
+write(fd, Buffer.from(data, options.encoding), callback);
+```
+
 The difference from directly calling `fs.write()` is that under some unusual
 conditions, `fs.write()` might write only part of the buffer and need to be
 retried to write the remaining data, whereas `fs.writeFile()` retries until
@@ -5381,6 +6073,17 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { accessSync, constants } = require('node:fs');
+
+try {
+  accessSync('etc/passwd', constants.R_OK | constants.W_OK);
+  console.log('can read/write');
+} catch (err) {
+  console.error('no access!');
+}
+```
+
 ### `fs.appendFileSync(path, data[, options])`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -5425,6 +6128,17 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { appendFileSync } = require('node:fs');
+
+try {
+  appendFileSync('message.txt', 'data to append');
+  console.log('The "data to append" was appended to file!');
+} catch (err) {
+  /* Handle the error */
+}
+```
+
 If `options` is a string, then it specifies the encoding:
 
 ```mjs
@@ -5433,6 +6147,12 @@ import { appendFileSync } from 'node:fs';
 appendFileSync('message.txt', 'data to append', 'utf8');
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { appendFileSync } = require('node:fs');
+
+appendFileSync('message.txt', 'data to append', 'utf8');
+```
+
 The `path` may be specified as a numeric file descriptor that has been opened
 for appending (using `fs.open()` or `fs.openSync()`). The file descriptor will
 not be closed automatically.
@@ -5453,6 +6173,22 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { openSync, closeSync, appendFileSync } = require('node:fs');
+
+let fd;
+
+try {
+  fd = openSync('message.txt', 'a');
+  appendFileSync(fd, 'data to append', 'utf8');
+} catch (err) {
+  /* Handle the error */
+} finally {
+  if (fd !== undefined)
+    closeSync(fd);
+}
+```
+
 ### `fs.chmodSync(path, mode)`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -5552,6 +6288,17 @@ console.log('source.txt was copied to destination.txt');
 copyFileSync('source.txt', 'destination.txt', constants.COPYFILE_EXCL);
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { copyFileSync, constants } = require('node:fs');
+
+// destination.txt will be created or overwritten by default.
+copyFileSync('source.txt', 'destination.txt');
+console.log('source.txt was copied to destination.txt');
+
+// By using COPYFILE_EXCL, the operation will fail if destination.txt exists.
+copyFileSync('source.txt', 'destination.txt', constants.COPYFILE_EXCL);
+```
+
 ### `fs.cpSync(src, dest[, options])`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -5635,6 +6382,13 @@ if (existsSync('/etc/passwd'))
   console.log('The path exists.');
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { existsSync } = require('node:fs');
+
+if (existsSync('/etc/passwd'))
+  console.log('The path exists.');
+```
+
 ### `fs.fchmodSync(fd, mode)`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -6125,6 +6879,17 @@ readFileSync('<directory>');
 readFileSync('<directory>'); // => <data>
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readFileSync } = require('node:fs');
+
+// macOS, Linux, and Windows
+readFileSync('<directory>');
+// => [Error: EISDIR: illegal operation on a directory, read <directory>]
+
+//  FreeBSD
+readFileSync('<directory>'); // => <data>
+```
+
 ### `fs.readlinkSync(path[, options])`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -6687,6 +7452,20 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { opendir } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  try {
+    const dir = await opendir('./');
+    for await (const dirent of dir)
+      console.log(dirent.name);
+  } catch (err) {
+    console.error(err);
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 When using the async iterator, the {fs.Dir} object will be automatically
 closed after the iterator exits.
 
@@ -7012,6 +7791,17 @@ watch('./tmp', { encoding: 'buffer' }, (eventType, filename) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { watch } = require('node:fs');
+// Example when handled through fs.watch() listener
+watch('./tmp', { encoding: 'buffer' }, (eventType, filename) => {
+  if (filename) {
+    console.log(filename);
+    // Prints: <Buffer ...>
+  }
+});
+```
+
 #### Event: `'close'`
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -8011,6 +8801,20 @@ open('/path/to/my/file', O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, (err, fd) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open, constants } = require('node:fs');
+
+const {
+  O_RDWR,
+  O_CREAT,
+  O_EXCL,
+} = constants;
+
+open('/path/to/my/file', O_RDWR | O_CREAT | O_EXCL, (err, fd) => {
+  // ...
+});
+```
+
 ##### File access constants
 
 The following constants are meant for use as the `mode` parameter passed to
@@ -8390,6 +9194,20 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  let fd;
+  try {
+    fd = await open('/open/some/file.txt', 'r');
+    // Do something with the file
+  } finally {
+    await fd?.close();
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 Example using a relative path on POSIX (relative to `process.cwd()`):
 
 ```mjs
@@ -8404,6 +9222,20 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  let fd;
+  try {
+    fd = await open('file.txt', 'r');
+    // Do something with the file
+  } finally {
+    await fd?.close();
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 #### File URL paths
 
 <!-- YAML
@@ -8419,6 +9251,12 @@ import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
 readFileSync(new URL('file:///tmp/hello'));
 ```
 
+```mjs
+import { readFileSync } from 'node:fs';
+
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///tmp/hello'));
+```
+
 `file:` URLs are always absolute paths.
 
 ##### Platform-specific considerations
@@ -8445,6 +9283,24 @@ readFileSync(new URL('file:///c/p/a/t/h/file'));
 // TypeError [ERR_INVALID_FILE_URL_PATH]: File URL path must be absolute
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readFileSync } = require('node:fs');
+// On Windows :
+
+// - WHATWG file URLs with hostname convert to UNC path
+// file://hostname/p/a/t/h/file => \\hostname\p\a\t\h\file
+readFileSync(new URL('file://hostname/p/a/t/h/file'));
+
+// - WHATWG file URLs with drive letters convert to absolute path
+// file:///C:/tmp/hello => C:\tmp\hello
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///C:/tmp/hello'));
+
+// - WHATWG file URLs without hostname must have a drive letters
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///notdriveletter/p/a/t/h/file'));
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///c/p/a/t/h/file'));
+// TypeError [ERR_INVALID_FILE_URL_PATH]: File URL path must be absolute
+```
+
 `file:` {URL}s with drive letters must use `:` as a separator just after
 the drive letter. Using another separator will result in an error.
 
@@ -8465,6 +9321,20 @@ readFileSync(new URL('file://hostname/p/a/t/h/file'));
 readFileSync(new URL('file:///tmp/hello'));
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readFileSync } = require('node:fs');
+// On other platforms:
+
+// - WHATWG file URLs with hostname are unsupported
+// file://hostname/p/a/t/h/file => throw!
+readFileSync(new URL('file://hostname/p/a/t/h/file'));
+// TypeError [ERR_INVALID_FILE_URL_PATH]: must be absolute
+
+// - WHATWG file URLs convert to absolute path
+// file:///tmp/hello => /tmp/hello
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///tmp/hello'));
+```
+
 A `file:` {URL} having encoded slash characters will result in an error on all
 platforms:
 
@@ -8484,6 +9354,22 @@ readFileSync(new URL('file:///p/a/t/h/%2f'));
 / characters */
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readFileSync } = require('node:fs');
+
+// On Windows
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///C:/p/a/t/h/%2F'));
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///C:/p/a/t/h/%2f'));
+/* TypeError [ERR_INVALID_FILE_URL_PATH]: File URL path must not include encoded
+\ or / characters */
+
+// On POSIX
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///p/a/t/h/%2F'));
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///p/a/t/h/%2f'));
+/* TypeError [ERR_INVALID_FILE_URL_PATH]: File URL path must not include encoded
+/ characters */
+```
+
 On Windows, `file:` {URL}s having encoded backslash will result in an error:
 
 ```mjs
@@ -8496,6 +9382,16 @@ readFileSync(new URL('file:///C:/path/%5c'));
 \ or / characters */
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { readFileSync } = require('node:fs');
+
+// On Windows
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///C:/path/%5C'));
+readFileSync(new URL('file:///C:/path/%5c'));
+/* TypeError [ERR_INVALID_FILE_URL_PATH]: File URL path must not include encoded
+\ or / characters */
+```
+
 #### Buffer paths
 
 Paths specified using a {Buffer} are useful primarily on certain POSIX
@@ -8519,6 +9415,21 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open } = require('node:fs/promises');
+const { Buffer } = require('node:buffer');
+
+(async () => {
+  let fd;
+  try {
+    fd = await open(Buffer.from('/open/some/file.txt'), 'r');
+    // Do something with the file
+  } finally {
+    await fd?.close();
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 #### Per-drive working directories on Windows
 
 On Windows, Node.js follows the concept of per-drive working directory. This
@@ -8576,6 +9487,35 @@ open('/open/some/file.txt', 'r', (err, fd) => {
 });
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open, close, fstat } = require('node:fs');
+
+function closeFd(fd) {
+  close(fd, (err) => {
+    if (err) throw err;
+  });
+}
+
+open('/open/some/file.txt', 'r', (err, fd) => {
+  if (err) throw err;
+  try {
+    fstat(fd, (err, stat) => {
+      if (err) {
+        closeFd(fd);
+        throw err;
+      }
+
+      // use stat
+
+      closeFd(fd);
+    });
+  } catch (err) {
+    closeFd(fd);
+    throw err;
+  }
+});
+```
+
 The promise-based APIs use a {FileHandle} object in place of the numeric
 file descriptor. These objects are better managed by the system to ensure
 that resources are not leaked. However, it is still required that they are
@@ -8594,6 +9534,21 @@ try {
 }
 ```
 
+```cjs
+const { open } = require('node:fs/promises');
+
+(async () => {
+  let file;
+  try {
+    file = await open('/open/some/file.txt', 'r');
+    const stat = await file.stat();
+    // use stat
+  } finally {
+    await file.close();
+  }
+})();
+```
+
 ### Threadpool usage
 
 All callback and promise-based file system APIs (with the exception of