diff --git a/src/Type/Php/ReplaceFunctionsDynamicReturnTypeExtension.php b/src/Type/Php/ReplaceFunctionsDynamicReturnTypeExtension.php
index 57e3b76710..b5a24cdcf9 100644
--- a/src/Type/Php/ReplaceFunctionsDynamicReturnTypeExtension.php
+++ b/src/Type/Php/ReplaceFunctionsDynamicReturnTypeExtension.php
@@ -99,6 +99,13 @@ private function getPreliminarilyResolvedTypeFromFunctionCall(
 				if ($replaceArgumentType->isArray()->yes()) {
 					$replaceArgumentType = $replaceArgumentType->getIterableValueType();
 				}
+			} elseif ($functionReflection->getName() === 'strtr' && isset($functionCall->getArgs()[1])) {
+				// `strtr` has two signatures: `strtr($string1, $string2, $string3)` and `strtr($string1, $array)`
+				$secondArgumentType = TypeCombinator::intersect(
+					new ArrayType(new MixedType(), new MixedType()),
+					$scope->getType($functionCall->getArgs()[1]->value),
+				);
+				$replaceArgumentType = $secondArgumentType->getIterableValueType();
 			}
 		}
 
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/strtr.php b/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/strtr.php
index 5bc9fd6679..0ac591b546 100644
--- a/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/strtr.php
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Analyser/nsrt/strtr.php
@@ -7,8 +7,9 @@
 /**
  * @param non-empty-string $nonEmptyString
  * @param non-falsy-string $nonFalseyString
+ * @param mixed $mixed
  */
-function doFoo(string $s, $nonEmptyString, $nonFalseyString) {
+function doFoo(string $s, $nonEmptyString, $nonFalseyString, $mixed) {
 	assertType('string', strtr($s, 'f', 'b'));
 	assertType('string', strtr($s, ['f' => 'b']));
 	assertType('string', strtr($s, ['f' => 'b', 'o' => 'a']));
@@ -24,4 +25,27 @@ function doFoo(string $s, $nonEmptyString, $nonFalseyString) {
 	assertType('non-empty-string', strtr($nonFalseyString, $s, $nonEmptyString));
 	assertType('non-falsy-string', strtr($nonFalseyString, $nonEmptyString, $nonFalseyString));
 	assertType('non-falsy-string', strtr($nonFalseyString, $nonFalseyString, $nonFalseyString));
+
+	assertType('string', strtr($s, [$s => $nonEmptyString]));
+	assertType('string', strtr($s, [$nonEmptyString => $nonEmptyString]));
+	assertType('string', strtr($s, [$nonFalseyString => $nonFalseyString]));
+
+	assertType('non-empty-string', strtr($nonEmptyString, [$s => $nonEmptyString]));
+	assertType('non-empty-string', strtr($nonEmptyString, [$nonEmptyString => $nonEmptyString]));
+	assertType('non-empty-string', strtr($nonEmptyString, [$nonFalseyString => $nonFalseyString]));
+
+	assertType('non-empty-string', strtr($nonFalseyString, [$s => $nonEmptyString]));
+	assertType('non-falsy-string', strtr($nonFalseyString, [$nonEmptyString => $nonFalseyString]));
+	assertType('non-falsy-string', strtr($nonFalseyString, [$nonFalseyString => $nonFalseyString]));
+
+	assertType('non-empty-string', strtr($nonEmptyString, rand(0, 1) ? [$s => $nonEmptyString] : null));
+	assertType('non-empty-string', strtr($nonEmptyString, rand(0, 1) ? [$nonEmptyString => $nonEmptyString] : null));
+	assertType('non-empty-string', strtr($nonEmptyString, rand(0, 1) ? [$nonFalseyString => $nonFalseyString] : null));
+
+	assertType('non-empty-string', strtr($nonFalseyString, rand(0, 1) ? [$s => $nonEmptyString] : null));
+	assertType('non-falsy-string', strtr($nonFalseyString, rand(0, 1) ? [$nonEmptyString => $nonFalseyString] : null));
+	assertType('non-falsy-string', strtr($nonFalseyString, rand(0, 1) ? [$nonFalseyString => $nonFalseyString] : null));
+
+	assertType('string', strtr($nonEmptyString, $mixed));
+	assertType('string', strtr($nonFalseyString, $mixed));
 }
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Methods/CallMethodsRuleTest.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Methods/CallMethodsRuleTest.php
index 0dbebf0da3..294a72488e 100644
--- a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Methods/CallMethodsRuleTest.php
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Methods/CallMethodsRuleTest.php
@@ -3656,6 +3656,16 @@ public function testBug5642(): void
 		]);
 	}
 
+	public function testBug13708(): void
+	{
+		$this->checkThisOnly = false;
+		$this->checkNullables = false;
+		$this->checkUnionTypes = true;
+		$this->checkExplicitMixed = false;
+
+		$this->analyse([__DIR__ . '/data/bug-13708.php'], []);
+	}
+
 	public function testBug3396(): void
 	{
 		$this->checkThisOnly = false;
diff --git a/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Methods/data/bug-13708.php b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Methods/data/bug-13708.php
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..867a56ff52
--- /dev/null
+++ b/tests/PHPStan/Rules/Methods/data/bug-13708.php
@@ -0,0 +1,23 @@
+<?php
+
+declare(strict_types = 1);
+
+namespace Bug13708;
+
+class HelloWorld
+{
+	/**
+	 * @param non-empty-string $s
+	 */
+	public function takeNonEmpty(string $s): void
+	{
+		return;
+	}
+
+	public function doStuff(): void
+	{
+		$this->takeNonEmpty(
+			strtr('change {me}', ['{me}' => 'me'])
+		);
+	}
+}