Align CI configuration with mesa's CI structure

[EwoutH]

This PR updates the mesa-frames CI workflow to match the structure and conventions used in mesa's CI.

Changes

• Consolidated job structure: Merged separate test_on_ubuntu and test_on_mac_windows jobs into a single unified build job with a matrix strategy
• Updated action versions:
  • actions/checkout v4 → v6
  • actions/setup-python v5 → v6
  • codecov/codecov-action v4 → v5
  • astral-sh/setup-uv v6 → v7
• Unified dependency installation: Changed to uv pip install --system .[dev] syntax
• Added pre-release testing: Includes --pre flag and allow-prereleases: true
• Improved codecov configuration: Added fail_ci_if_error: true, limited to Ubuntu runs only
• Removed redundant job: Eliminated the final build job that only echoed success

Preserved mesa-frames specifics

• PostgreSQL service container on Ubuntu
• PostgreSQL setup via Homebrew on macOS
• SKIP_PG_TESTS flag for Windows
• MESA_FRAMES_RUNTIME_TYPECHECKING environment variable

Test matrix

OS	Python Versions
Ubuntu	3.11, 3.12, 3.13, 3.13 (pre)
macOS	3.13
Windows	3.13

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 92.54%. Comparing base (1803c9b) to head (154771f).
⚠️ Report is 1 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #185   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   92.54%   92.54%           
=======================================
  Files          14       14           
  Lines        1717     1717           
=======================================
  Hits         1589     1589           
  Misses        128      128           

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[EwoutH]

It's a bit too early for Python 3.14 (mainly waiting on numba 0.63), so let's do that later separately.