Merge branch 'main' into docs-readline-repl

Author: Yuheng3107

Doc/library/ssl.rst

@@ -1290,6 +1290,13 @@ SSL sockets also have the following additional methods and attributes:
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.5
 
+.. method:: SSLSocket.group()
+
+   Return the group used for doing key agreement on this connection. If no
+   connection has been established, returns ``None``.
+
+   .. versionadded:: next
+
 .. method:: SSLSocket.compression()
 
    Return the compression algorithm being used as a string, or ``None``
@@ -1647,6 +1654,25 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
 
    .. versionadded:: 3.6
 
+.. method:: SSLContext.get_groups(*, include_aliases=False)
+
+   Get a list of groups implemented for key agreement, taking into
+   account the current TLS :attr:`~SSLContext.minimum_version` and
+   :attr:`~SSLContext.maximum_version` values.  For example::
+
+       >>> ctx = ssl.create_default_context()
+       >>> ctx.minimum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3
+       >>> ctx.maximum_version = ssl.TLSVersion.TLSv1_3
+       >>> ctx.get_groups()  # doctest: +SKIP
+       ['secp256r1', 'secp384r1', 'secp521r1', 'x25519', 'x448', ...]
+
+   By default, this method returns only the preferred IANA names for the
+   available groups. However, if the ``include_aliases`` parameter is set to
+   :const:`True` this method will also return any associated aliases such as
+   the ECDH curve names supported in older versions of OpenSSL.
+
+   .. versionadded:: next
+
 .. method:: SSLContext.set_default_verify_paths()
 
    Load a set of default "certification authority" (CA) certificates from
@@ -1672,6 +1698,19 @@ to speed up repeated connections from the same clients.
       TLS 1.3 cipher suites cannot be disabled with
       :meth:`~SSLContext.set_ciphers`.
 
+.. method:: SSLContext.set_groups(groups)
+
+   Set the groups allowed for key agreement for sockets created with this
+   context.  It should be a string in the `OpenSSL group list format
+   <https://docs.openssl.org/master/man3/SSL_CTX_set1_groups_list/>`_.
+
+   .. note::
+
+      When connected, the :meth:`SSLSocket.group` method of SSL sockets will
+      return the group used for key agreement on that connection.
+
+   .. versionadded:: next
+
 .. method:: SSLContext.set_alpn_protocols(protocols)
 
    Specify which protocols the socket should advertise during the SSL/TLS

Doc/reference/compound_stmts.rst

@@ -1421,6 +1421,9 @@ is equivalent to ::
    class Foo(object):
        pass
 
+There may be one or more base classes; see :ref:`multiple-inheritance` below for more
+information.
+
 The class's suite is then executed in a new execution frame (see :ref:`naming`),
 using a newly created local namespace and the original global namespace.
 (Usually, the suite contains mostly function definitions.)  When the class's
@@ -1490,6 +1493,119 @@ can be used to create instance variables with different implementation details.
       were introduced in :pep:`318`.
 
 
+.. _multiple-inheritance:
+
+Multiple inheritance
+--------------------
+
+Python classes may have multiple base classes, a technique known as
+*multiple inheritance*.  The base classes are specified in the class definition
+by listing them in parentheses after the class name, separated by commas.
+For example, the following class definition:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> class A: pass
+   >>> class B: pass
+   >>> class C(A, B): pass
+
+defines a class ``C`` that inherits from classes ``A`` and ``B``.
+
+The :term:`method resolution order` (MRO) is the order in which base classes are
+searched when looking up an attribute on a class. See :ref:`python_2.3_mro` for a
+description of how Python determines the MRO for a class.
+
+Multiple inheritance is not always allowed. Attempting to define a class with multiple
+inheritance will raise an error if one of the bases does not allow subclassing, if a consistent MRO
+cannot be created, if no valid metaclass can be determined, or if there is an instance
+layout conflict. We'll discuss each of these in turn.
+
+First, all base classes must allow subclassing. While most classes allow subclassing,
+some built-in classes do not, such as :class:`bool`:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> class SubBool(bool):  # TypeError
+   ...    pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   TypeError: type 'bool' is not an acceptable base type
+
+In the resolved MRO of a class, the class's bases appear in the order they were
+specified in the class's bases list. Additionally, the MRO always lists a child
+class before any of its bases. A class definition will fail if it is impossible to
+resolve a consistent MRO that satisfies these rules from the list of bases provided:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> class Base: pass
+   >>> class Child(Base): pass
+   >>> class Grandchild(Base, Child): pass  # TypeError
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+      ...
+   TypeError: Cannot create a consistent method resolution order (MRO) for bases Base, Child
+
+In the MRO of ``Grandchild``, ``Base`` must appear before ``Child`` because it is first
+in the base class list, but it must also appear after ``Child`` because it is a parent of
+``Child``. This is a contradiction, so the class cannot be defined.
+
+If some of the bases have a custom :term:`metaclass`, the metaclass of the resulting class
+is chosen among the metaclasses of the bases and the explicitly specified metaclass of the
+child class. It must be a metaclass that is a subclass of
+all other candidate metaclasses. If no such metaclass exists among the candidates,
+the class cannot be created, as explained in :ref:`metaclass-determination`.
+
+Finally, the instance layouts of the bases must be compatible. This means that it must be
+possible to compute a *solid base* for the class. Exactly which classes are solid bases
+depends on the Python implementation.
+
+.. impl-detail::
+
+   In CPython, a class is a solid base if it has a
+   nonempty :attr:`~object.__slots__` definition.
+   Many but not all classes defined in C are also solid bases, including most
+   builtins (such as :class:`int` or :class:`BaseException`)
+   but excluding most concrete :class:`Exception` classes. Generally, a C class
+   is a solid base if its underlying struct is different in size from its base class.
+
+Every class has a solid base. :class:`object`, the base class, has itself as its solid base.
+If there is a single base, the child class's solid base is that class if it is a solid base,
+or else the base class's solid base. If there are multiple bases, we first find the solid base
+for each base class to produce a list of candidate solid bases. If there is a unique solid base
+that is a subclass of all others, then that class is the solid base. Otherwise, class creation
+fails.
+
+Example:
+
+.. doctest::
+
+   >>> class Solid1:
+   ...    __slots__ = ("solid1",)
+   >>>
+   >>> class Solid2:
+   ...    __slots__ = ("solid2",)
+   >>>
+   >>> class SolidChild(Solid1):
+   ...    __slots__ = ("solid_child",)
+   >>>
+   >>> class C1:  # solid base is `object`
+   ...    pass
+   >>>
+   >>> # OK: solid bases are `Solid1` and `object`, and `Solid1` is a subclass of `object`.
+   >>> class C2(Solid1, C1):  # solid base is `Solid1`
+   ...    pass
+   >>>
+   >>> # OK: solid bases are `SolidChild` and `Solid1`, and `SolidChild` is a subclass of `Solid1`.
+   >>> class C3(SolidChild, Solid1):  # solid base is `SolidChild`
+   ...    pass
+   >>>
+   >>> # Error: solid bases are `Solid1` and `Solid2`, but neither is a subclass of the other.
+   >>> class C4(Solid1, Solid2):  # error: no single solid base
+   ...    pass
+   Traceback (most recent call last):
+     ...
+   TypeError: multiple bases have instance lay-out conflict
+
 .. _async:
 
 Coroutines

Doc/reference/datamodel.rst

@@ -2629,7 +2629,7 @@ Notes on using *__slots__*:
 * :attr:`~object.__class__` assignment works only if both classes have the
   same *__slots__*.
 
-* :ref:`Multiple inheritance <tut-multiple>` with multiple slotted parent
+* :ref:`Multiple inheritance <multiple-inheritance>` with multiple slotted parent
   classes can be used,
   but only one parent is allowed to have attributes created by slots
   (the other bases must have empty slot layouts) - violations raise
@@ -2779,6 +2779,8 @@ Resolving MRO entries
       Core support for typing module and generic types.
 
 
+.. _metaclass-determination:
+
 Determining the appropriate metaclass
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 .. index::

Doc/tutorial/classes.rst

@@ -663,6 +663,9 @@ Taken together, these properties make it possible to design reliable and
 extensible classes with multiple inheritance.  For more detail, see
 :ref:`python_2.3_mro`.
 
+In some cases multiple inheritance is not allowed; see :ref:`multiple-inheritance`
+for details.
+
 
 .. _tut-private:
 

Doc/whatsnew/3.14.rst

@@ -1081,6 +1081,18 @@ The behavior of :func:`!gc.collect` changes slightly:
 
 (Contributed by Mark Shannon in :gh:`108362`.)
 
+Platform support
+================
+
+* :pep:`776`: Emscripten is now an officially supported platform at
+  :pep:`tier 3 <11#tier-3>`. As a part of this effort, more than 25 bugs in
+  `Emscripten libc`__ were fixed. Emscripten now includes support
+  for :mod:`ctypes`, :mod:`termios`, and :mod:`fcntl`, as well as
+  experimental support for :ref:`PyREPL <tut-interactive>`.
+
+  (Contributed by R. Hood Chatham in :gh:`127146`, :gh:`127683`, and :gh:`136931`.)
+
+  __ https://emscripten.org/docs/porting/emscripten-runtime-environment.html
 
 Other language changes
 ======================

Doc/whatsnew/3.15.rst

@@ -300,6 +300,24 @@ ssl
   supports "External PSKs" in TLSv1.3, as described in RFC 9258.
   (Contributed by Will Childs-Klein in :gh:`133624`.)
 
+* Added new methods for managing groups used for SSL key agreement
+
+   * :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_groups` sets the groups allowed for doing
+     key agreement, extending the previous
+     :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.set_ecdh_curve` method.
+     This new API provides the ability to list multiple groups and
+     supports fixed-field and post-quantum groups in addition to ECDH
+     curves. This method can also be used to control what key shares
+     are sent in the TLS handshake.
+   * :meth:`ssl.SSLSocket.group` returns the group selected for doing key
+     agreement on the current connection after the TLS handshake completes.
+     This call requires OpenSSL 3.2 or later.
+   * :meth:`ssl.SSLContext.get_groups` returns a list of all available key
+     agreement groups compatible with the minimum and maximum TLS versions
+     currently set in the context. This call requires OpenSSL 3.5 or later.
+
+   (Contributed by Ron Frederick in :gh:`136306`)
+
 
 tarfile
 -------

Include/internal/pycore_dict.h

@@ -113,6 +113,8 @@ extern Py_ssize_t _Py_dict_lookup(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t has
 extern Py_ssize_t _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, PyObject **value_addr);
 extern Py_ssize_t _Py_dict_lookup_threadsafe_stackref(PyDictObject *mp, PyObject *key, Py_hash_t hash, _PyStackRef *value_addr);
 
+extern int _PyDict_GetMethodStackRef(PyDictObject *dict, PyObject *name, _PyStackRef *method);
+
 extern Py_ssize_t _PyDict_LookupIndex(PyDictObject *, PyObject *);
 extern Py_ssize_t _PyDictKeys_StringLookup(PyDictKeysObject* dictkeys, PyObject *key);
 

Include/internal/pycore_global_objects_fini_generated.h

@@ -496,6 +496,7 @@ struct _Py_global_strings {
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(imag)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(importlib)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(in_fd)
+        STRUCT_FOR_ID(include_aliases)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(incoming)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(index)
         STRUCT_FOR_ID(indexgroup)