diff --git a/.github/workflows/publish.yml b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
index 90e1a6e05..e9aba82e9 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/publish.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/publish.yml
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
         os: [ubuntu-latest, windows-latest, macos-latest]
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test-sqlite-support.yml b/.github/workflows/test-sqlite-support.yml
index 256a2ce8c..fe9386529 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test-sqlite-support.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test-sqlite-support.yml
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       matrix:
         platform: [ubuntu-latest]
-        python-version: ["3.9"]
+        python-version: ["3.10"]
         sqlite-version: [
           "3.46",
           "3.23.1", # 2018-04-10, before UPSERT
diff --git a/.github/workflows/test.yml b/.github/workflows/test.yml
index 9561cdeeb..9c21c92a1 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/test.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/test.yml
@@ -10,13 +10,9 @@ jobs:
     runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}
     strategy:
       matrix:
-        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13"]
+        python-version: ["3.10", "3.11", "3.12", "3.13", "3.14-dev", "3.14t-dev"]
         numpy: [0, 1]
         os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest, macos-14]
-        # Skip 3.9 on macos-14 - it only has 3.10+
-        exclude:
-        - python-version: "3.9"
-          os: macos-14
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - name: Set up Python ${{ matrix.python-version }}
@@ -60,4 +56,4 @@ jobs:
       run: black . --check
     - name: Check if cog needs to be run
       run: |
-        cog --check README.md docs/*.rst
+        cog --check --diff README.md docs/*.rst
diff --git a/docs/cli-reference.rst b/docs/cli-reference.rst
index e0d4fc543..18207c8f0 100644
--- a/docs/cli-reference.rst
+++ b/docs/cli-reference.rst
@@ -1479,7 +1479,7 @@ See :ref:`cli_spatialite`.
       paths. To load it from a specific path, use --load-extension.
 
     Options:
-      -t, --type [POINT|LINESTRING|POLYGON|MULTIPOINT|MULTILINESTRING|MULTIPOLYGON|GEOMETRYCOLLECTION|GEOMETRY]
+      -t, --type [point|linestring|polygon|multipoint|multilinestring|multipolygon|geometrycollection|geometry]
                                       Specify a geometry type for this column.
                                       [default: GEOMETRY]
       --srid INTEGER                  Spatial Reference ID. See
diff --git a/setup.py b/setup.py
index 892856532..24f68c0ae 100644
--- a/setup.py
+++ b/setup.py
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ def get_long_description():
         "Issues": "https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/issues",
         "CI": "https://github.com/simonw/sqlite-utils/actions",
     },
-    python_requires=">=3.9",
+    python_requires=">=3.10",
     classifiers=[
         "Development Status :: 5 - Production/Stable",
         "Intended Audience :: Developers",
@@ -71,7 +71,6 @@ def get_long_description():
         "Intended Audience :: End Users/Desktop",
         "Topic :: Database",
         "License :: OSI Approved :: Apache Software License",
-        "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.9",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.10",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.11",
         "Programming Language :: Python :: 3.12",
diff --git a/sqlite_utils/cli.py b/sqlite_utils/cli.py
index 5d3ba05ec..6b7ebd970 100644
--- a/sqlite_utils/cli.py
+++ b/sqlite_utils/cli.py
@@ -952,10 +952,14 @@ def insert_upsert_implementation(
     functions=None,
     strict=False,
 ):
+    convert = _value_or_none(convert)
+    delimiter = _value_or_none(delimiter)
+    quotechar = _value_or_none(quotechar)
+    encoding = _value_or_none(encoding)
+    bulk_sql = _value_or_none(bulk_sql)
     db = sqlite_utils.Database(path)
     _load_extensions(db, load_extension)
-    if functions:
-        _register_functions(db, functions)
+    _maybe_register_functions(db, functions)
     if (delimiter or quotechar or sniff or no_headers) and not tsv:
         csv = True
     if (nl + csv + tsv) >= 2:
@@ -1790,8 +1794,7 @@ def query(
     _load_extensions(db, load_extension)
     db.register_fts4_bm25()
 
-    if functions:
-        _register_functions(db, functions)
+    _maybe_register_functions(db, functions)
 
     _execute_query(
         db,
@@ -1917,6 +1920,9 @@ def memory(
     \b
         sqlite-utils memory animals.csv --schema
     """
+    sql = _value_or_none(sql)
+    save = _value_or_none(save)
+    encoding = _value_or_none(encoding)
     db = sqlite_utils.Database(memory=True)
 
     # If --dump or --save or --analyze used but no paths detected, assume SQL query is a path:
@@ -1990,8 +1996,7 @@ def memory(
     _load_extensions(db, load_extension)
     db.register_fts4_bm25()
 
-    if functions:
-        _register_functions(db, functions)
+    _maybe_register_functions(db, functions)
 
     if return_db:
         return db
@@ -3066,14 +3071,14 @@ def wrapped_fn(value):
     "geometry_type",
     type=click.Choice(
         [
-            "POINT",
-            "LINESTRING",
-            "POLYGON",
-            "MULTIPOINT",
-            "MULTILINESTRING",
-            "MULTIPOLYGON",
-            "GEOMETRYCOLLECTION",
-            "GEOMETRY",
+            "point",
+            "linestring",
+            "polygon",
+            "multipoint",
+            "multilinestring",
+            "multipolygon",
+            "geometrycollection",
+            "geometry",
         ],
         case_sensitive=False,
     ),
@@ -3286,3 +3291,17 @@ def _register_functions(db, functions):
     for name, value in globals.items():
         if callable(value) and not name.startswith("_"):
             db.register_function(value, name=name)
+
+
+def _value_or_none(value):
+    if getattr(value, "__class__", None).__name__ == "Sentinel":
+        return None
+    return value
+
+
+def _maybe_register_functions(db, functions):
+    functions = _value_or_none(functions)
+    if isinstance(functions, (bytes, bytearray)):
+        functions = functions.decode("utf-8")
+    if isinstance(functions, str) and functions.strip():
+        _register_functions(db, functions)