diff --git a/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_bruteforce.js b/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_bruteforce.js
index c96f3554..fcd6ddfb 100644
--- a/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_bruteforce.js
+++ b/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_bruteforce.js
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@
 
 import { logger as console } from '../../../logger.js';
 
-export function arrayManipulation(n, queries) {
+function arrayManipulation(n, queries) {
   const LENGTH = n + 1;
   const SURROGATE_VALUE = 0;
   const result = Array(LENGTH).fill(SURROGATE_VALUE);
diff --git a/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_bruteforce.test.js b/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_bruteforce.test.js
index 57af871c..6b43b49c 100644
--- a/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_bruteforce.test.js
+++ b/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_bruteforce.test.js
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ import { logger as console } from '../../../logger.js';
 
 import TEST_CASES from './cruch_testcases_test.json';
 
-import { arrayManipulation } from './cruch_bruteforce.js';
+import crush from './cruch_bruteforce.js';
 
 describe('arrays: crush (bruteforce) small cases', () => {
   it('arrayManipulation Test Cases', () => {
     expect.assertions(3);
 
     TEST_CASES.forEach((test) => {
-      const answer = arrayManipulation(test.n, test.queries);
+      const answer = crush.arrayManipulation(test.n, test.queries);
 
       console.debug(
         `arrayManipulation(${test.n}, ${test.queries}) solution found: ${answer}`
diff --git a/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_optimized.js b/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_optimized.js
index 52c67620..fe27e72d 100644
--- a/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_optimized.js
+++ b/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_optimized.js
@@ -2,7 +2,7 @@
  * @link Problem definition [[docs/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/crush.md]]
  */
 
-export function arrayManipulation(n, queries) {
+function arrayManipulation(n, queries) {
   // why adding 2?
   //   first slot to adjust 1-based index and
   //   last slot for storing accumSum result
diff --git a/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_optimized.test.js b/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_optimized.test.js
index f1bd9e86..42f52835 100644
--- a/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_optimized.test.js
+++ b/src/hackerrank/interview_preparation_kit/arrays/cruch_optimized.test.js
@@ -3,14 +3,14 @@ import { logger as console } from '../../../logger.js';
 
 import TEST_CASES from './cruch_testcases_test.json';
 
-import { arrayManipulation } from './cruch_optimized.js';
+import crush from './cruch_optimized.js';
 
 describe('arrays: crush (optimized)', () => {
   it('arrayManipulation Test Cases', () => {
     expect.assertions(3);
 
     TEST_CASES.forEach((test) => {
-      const answer = arrayManipulation(test.n, test.queries);
+      const answer = crush.arrayManipulation(test.n, test.queries);
 
       console.debug(
         `arrayManipulation(${test.n}, ${test.queries}) solution found: ${answer}`