diff --git a/NEWS.md b/NEWS.md
index fbbc06713438cd..fa588780955227 100644
--- a/NEWS.md
+++ b/NEWS.md
@@ -186,8 +186,8 @@ The following default gem is added.
 
 The following default gems are updated.
 
-* RubyGems 4.0.0.beta1
-* bundler 4.0.0.beta1
+* RubyGems 4.0.0.beta2
+* bundler 4.0.0.beta2
 * date 3.5.0
 * digest 3.2.1
 * english 0.8.1
diff --git a/ext/cgi/escape/escape.c b/ext/cgi/escape/escape.c
index 6b00bc37c1753f..4773186603914e 100644
--- a/ext/cgi/escape/escape.c
+++ b/ext/cgi/escape/escape.c
@@ -45,6 +45,7 @@ escaped_length(VALUE str)
 static VALUE
 optimized_escape_html(VALUE str)
 {
+    VALUE escaped;
     VALUE vbuf;
     char *buf = ALLOCV_N(char, vbuf, escaped_length(str));
     const char *cstr = RSTRING_PTR(str);
@@ -63,7 +64,6 @@ optimized_escape_html(VALUE str)
         }
     }
 
-    VALUE escaped;
     if (RSTRING_LEN(str) < (dest - buf)) {
         escaped = rb_str_new(buf, dest - buf);
         preserve_original_state(str, escaped);
diff --git a/lib/bundler/version.rb b/lib/bundler/version.rb
index 4acf10c6153eaa..3a5b5fd86bdabc 100644
--- a/lib/bundler/version.rb
+++ b/lib/bundler/version.rb
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: false
 
 module Bundler
-  VERSION = "4.0.0.beta1".freeze
+  VERSION = "4.0.0.beta2".freeze
 
   def self.bundler_major_version
     @bundler_major_version ||= gem_version.segments.first
diff --git a/lib/optparse.rb b/lib/optparse.rb
index c66c84270a1517..e0b0ff011b5455 100644
--- a/lib/optparse.rb
+++ b/lib/optparse.rb
@@ -472,7 +472,6 @@ def candidate(key, icase = false, pat = nil, &_)
       Completion.candidate(key, icase, pat, &method(:each))
     end
 
-    public
     def complete(key, icase = false, pat = nil)
       candidates = candidate(key, icase, pat, &method(:each)).sort_by {|k, v, kn| kn.size}
       if candidates.size == 1
@@ -562,7 +561,7 @@ def initialize(pattern = nil, conv = nil,
     # Parses +arg+ and returns rest of +arg+ and matched portion to the
     # argument pattern. Yields when the pattern doesn't match substring.
     #
-    def parse_arg(arg) # :nodoc:
+    private def parse_arg(arg) # :nodoc:
       pattern or return nil, [arg]
       unless m = pattern.match(arg)
         yield(InvalidArgument, arg)
@@ -580,14 +579,13 @@ def parse_arg(arg) # :nodoc:
       yield(InvalidArgument, arg) # didn't match whole arg
       return arg[s.length..-1], m
     end
-    private :parse_arg
 
     #
     # Parses argument, converts and returns +arg+, +block+ and result of
     # conversion. Yields at semi-error condition instead of raising an
     # exception.
     #
-    def conv_arg(arg, val = []) # :nodoc:
+    private def conv_arg(arg, val = []) # :nodoc:
       v, = *val
       if conv
         val = conv.call(*val)
@@ -599,7 +597,6 @@ def conv_arg(arg, val = []) # :nodoc:
       end
       return arg, block, val
     end
-    private :conv_arg
 
     #
     # Produces the summary text. Each line of the summary is yielded to the
@@ -883,14 +880,13 @@ def reject(t)
     # +lopts+::  Long style option list.
     # +nlopts+:: Negated long style options list.
     #
-    def update(sw, sopts, lopts, nsw = nil, nlopts = nil) # :nodoc:
+    private def update(sw, sopts, lopts, nsw = nil, nlopts = nil) # :nodoc:
       sopts.each {|o| @short[o] = sw} if sopts
       lopts.each {|o| @long[o] = sw} if lopts
       nlopts.each {|o| @long[o] = nsw} if nsw and nlopts
       used = @short.invert.update(@long.invert)
       @list.delete_if {|o| Switch === o and !used[o]}
     end
-    private :update
 
     #
     # Inserts +switch+ at the head of the list, and associates short, long
@@ -1459,14 +1455,13 @@ def to_a; summarize("#{banner}".split(/^/)) end
   # +prv+:: Previously specified argument.
   # +msg+:: Exception message.
   #
-  def notwice(obj, prv, msg) # :nodoc:
+  private def notwice(obj, prv, msg) # :nodoc:
     unless !prv or prv == obj
       raise(ArgumentError, "argument #{msg} given twice: #{obj}",
             ParseError.filter_backtrace(caller(2)))
     end
     obj
   end
-  private :notwice
 
   SPLAT_PROC = proc {|*a| a.length <= 1 ? a.first : a} # :nodoc:
 
@@ -1733,7 +1728,7 @@ def order!(argv = default_argv, into: nil, **keywords, &nonopt)
     parse_in_order(argv, setter, **keywords, &nonopt)
   end
 
-  def parse_in_order(argv = default_argv, setter = nil, exact: require_exact, **, &nonopt)  # :nodoc:
+  private def parse_in_order(argv = default_argv, setter = nil, exact: require_exact, **, &nonopt)  # :nodoc:
     opt, arg, val, rest = nil
     nonopt ||= proc {|a| throw :terminate, a}
     argv.unshift(arg) if arg = catch(:terminate) {
@@ -1824,10 +1819,9 @@ def parse_in_order(argv = default_argv, setter = nil, exact: require_exact, **,
 
     argv
   end
-  private :parse_in_order
 
   # Calls callback with _val_.
-  def callback!(cb, max_arity, *args) # :nodoc:
+  private def callback!(cb, max_arity, *args) # :nodoc:
     args.compact!
 
     if (size = args.size) < max_arity and cb.to_proc.lambda?
@@ -1837,7 +1831,6 @@ def callback!(cb, max_arity, *args) # :nodoc:
     end
     cb.call(*args)
   end
-  private :callback!
 
   #
   # Parses command line arguments +argv+ in permutation mode and returns
@@ -1951,24 +1944,22 @@ def self.getopts(*args, symbolize_names: false)
   # Traverses @stack, sending each element method +id+ with +args+ and
   # +block+.
   #
-  def visit(id, *args, &block) # :nodoc:
+  private def visit(id, *args, &block) # :nodoc:
     @stack.reverse_each do |el|
       el.__send__(id, *args, &block)
     end
     nil
   end
-  private :visit
 
   #
   # Searches +key+ in @stack for +id+ hash and returns or yields the result.
   #
-  def search(id, key) # :nodoc:
+  private def search(id, key) # :nodoc:
     block_given = block_given?
     visit(:search, id, key) do |k|
       return block_given ? yield(k) : k
     end
   end
-  private :search
 
   #
   # Completes shortened long style option switch and returns pair of
@@ -1979,7 +1970,7 @@ def search(id, key) # :nodoc:
   # +icase+:: Search case insensitive if true.
   # +pat+::   Optional pattern for completion.
   #
-  def complete(typ, opt, icase = false, *pat) # :nodoc:
+  private def complete(typ, opt, icase = false, *pat) # :nodoc:
     if pat.empty?
       search(typ, opt) {|sw| return [sw, opt]} # exact match or...
     end
@@ -1989,7 +1980,6 @@ def complete(typ, opt, icase = false, *pat) # :nodoc:
     exc = ambiguous ? AmbiguousOption : InvalidOption
     raise exc.new(opt, additional: proc {|o| additional_message(typ, o)})
   end
-  private :complete
 
   #
   # Returns additional info.
diff --git a/lib/rubygems.rb b/lib/rubygems.rb
index 8530a2a893cb5d..52ccf10159506b 100644
--- a/lib/rubygems.rb
+++ b/lib/rubygems.rb
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@
 require "rbconfig"
 
 module Gem
-  VERSION = "4.0.0.beta1"
+  VERSION = "4.0.0.beta2"
 end
 
 require_relative "rubygems/defaults"
diff --git a/spec/bundler/realworld/fixtures/tapioca/Gemfile.lock b/spec/bundler/realworld/fixtures/tapioca/Gemfile.lock
index 4a96e12169b72e..6f86f3192ec3a6 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/realworld/fixtures/tapioca/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/spec/bundler/realworld/fixtures/tapioca/Gemfile.lock
@@ -46,4 +46,4 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   tapioca
 
 BUNDLED WITH
-  4.0.0.beta1
+  4.0.0.beta2
diff --git a/spec/bundler/realworld/fixtures/warbler/Gemfile.lock b/spec/bundler/realworld/fixtures/warbler/Gemfile.lock
index 8a13873f01b2fc..42036fc23d17b4 100644
--- a/spec/bundler/realworld/fixtures/warbler/Gemfile.lock
+++ b/spec/bundler/realworld/fixtures/warbler/Gemfile.lock
@@ -36,4 +36,4 @@ DEPENDENCIES
   warbler!
 
 BUNDLED WITH
-  4.0.0.beta1
+  4.0.0.beta2
diff --git a/test/test_timeout.rb b/test/test_timeout.rb
index 71d8e1f5c273c5..01156867b05609 100644
--- a/test/test_timeout.rb
+++ b/test/test_timeout.rb
@@ -250,7 +250,7 @@ def test_fork
   end
 
   def test_threadgroup
-    assert_separately(%w[-W0 -rtimeout], <<-'end;')
+    assert_separately(%w[-rtimeout], <<-'end;')
       tg = ThreadGroup.new
       thr = Thread.new do
         tg.add(Thread.current)
@@ -263,7 +263,7 @@ def test_threadgroup
 
   # https://github.com/ruby/timeout/issues/24
   def test_handling_enclosed_threadgroup
-    assert_separately(%w[-W0 -rtimeout], <<-'end;')
+    assert_separately(%w[-rtimeout], <<-'end;')
       Thread.new {
         t = Thread.current
         group = ThreadGroup.new
diff --git a/tool/bundler/dev_gems.rb.lock b/tool/bundler/dev_gems.rb.lock
index 29e0a574bba80a..cb2d6b4106f453 100644
--- a/tool/bundler/dev_gems.rb.lock
+++ b/tool/bundler/dev_gems.rb.lock
@@ -129,4 +129,4 @@ CHECKSUMS
   turbo_tests (2.2.5) sha256=3fa31497d12976d11ccc298add29107b92bda94a90d8a0a5783f06f05102509f
 
 BUNDLED WITH
-  4.0.0.beta1
+  4.0.0.beta2
diff --git a/tool/bundler/rubocop_gems.rb.lock b/tool/bundler/rubocop_gems.rb.lock
index 10a81012e4d6c1..5cd23d7ef8bb62 100644
--- a/tool/bundler/rubocop_gems.rb.lock
+++ b/tool/bundler/rubocop_gems.rb.lock
@@ -156,4 +156,4 @@ CHECKSUMS
   unicode-emoji (4.1.0) sha256=4997d2d5df1ed4252f4830a9b6e86f932e2013fbff2182a9ce9ccabda4f325a5
 
 BUNDLED WITH
-  4.0.0.beta1
+  4.0.0.beta2
diff --git a/tool/bundler/standard_gems.rb.lock b/tool/bundler/standard_gems.rb.lock
index 8f4eba83c51b5a..20b7d153929917 100644
--- a/tool/bundler/standard_gems.rb.lock
+++ b/tool/bundler/standard_gems.rb.lock
@@ -176,4 +176,4 @@ CHECKSUMS
   unicode-emoji (4.1.0) sha256=4997d2d5df1ed4252f4830a9b6e86f932e2013fbff2182a9ce9ccabda4f325a5
 
 BUNDLED WITH
-  4.0.0.beta1
+  4.0.0.beta2
diff --git a/tool/bundler/test_gems.rb.lock b/tool/bundler/test_gems.rb.lock
index 8c8c9b77436542..44a2cdcd969d3c 100644
--- a/tool/bundler/test_gems.rb.lock
+++ b/tool/bundler/test_gems.rb.lock
@@ -100,4 +100,4 @@ CHECKSUMS
   tilt (2.6.1) sha256=35a99bba2adf7c1e362f5b48f9b581cce4edfba98117e34696dde6d308d84770
 
 BUNDLED WITH
-  4.0.0.beta1
+  4.0.0.beta2