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103 changes: 103 additions & 0 deletions .github/workflows/deploy-docs.yaml
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -0,0 +1,103 @@
name: Build & Deploy MkDocs (gh-pages with PR previews)

on:
workflow_dispatch:
pull_request:
branches: [ main ]
types: [opened, synchronize, reopened, closed]
push:
branches: [ main ]

permissions:
contents: write
pages: write

jobs:
build:
# Run for push, workflow dispatch, PRs from SAME repo that are not closed
if: |
github.event_name == 'push' ||
github.event_name == 'workflow_dispatch' ||
(github.event_name == 'pull_request' &&
github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false &&
github.event.action != 'closed')
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
fetch-depth: 0
- uses: actions/setup-python@v5
with:
python-version: "3.11"
- name: Install deps
run: |
python -m pip install --upgrade pip
pip install '.[docs]'
- name: Build with MkDocs
run: mkdocs build
- name: Upload built site as artifact
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v4
with:
name: site
path: ./site

deploy:
needs: build
# Deploy on push to main (root) or PRs from SAME repo (not closed) -> pr-<N>/
if: |
github.event_name == 'push' ||
(github.event_name == 'pull_request' &&
github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false &&
github.event.action != 'closed')
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
concurrency:
group: ${{ github.workflow }}-${{ github.ref }}
cancel-in-progress: true
steps:
- name: Download built site
uses: actions/download-artifact@v4
with:
name: site
path: ./site
- name: Deploy to gh-pages
uses: peaceiris/actions-gh-pages@v4
with:
github_token: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
publish_branch: gh-pages
publish_dir: ./site
keep_files: true
destination_dir: ${{ github.event_name == 'pull_request' && format('pr-{0}', github.event.number) || '' }}

cleanup:
# Only when a same-repo PR closes
if: >
github.event_name == 'pull_request' &&
github.event.pull_request.head.repo.fork == false &&
github.event.action == 'closed'
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- name: Checkout gh-pages
uses: actions/checkout@v4
with:
ref: gh-pages
fetch-depth: 0
- name: Configure git author
run: |
git config user.name "github-actions[bot]"
git config user.email "github-actions[bot]@users.noreply.github.com"
- name: Remove preview folder
shell: bash
run: |
set -euo pipefail
PR_DIR="pr-${{ github.event.number }}"
echo "Attempting to remove $PR_DIR"
if [ -d "$PR_DIR" ]; then
git rm -r "$PR_DIR"
git commit -m "Remove preview for PR #${{ github.event.number }}"
git push origin gh-pages
else
echo "No preview folder $PR_DIR found; nothing to do."
fi
190 changes: 7 additions & 183 deletions README.md
Original file line number Diff line number Diff line change
@@ -1,194 +1,18 @@
# TaxonoPy
<h1 align="center">
<img src="docs/_assets/taxonopy_banner.svg" alt="TaxonoPy banner">
</h1>

[![DOI](https://zenodo.org/badge/789041700.svg)](https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15499454)

[![PyPI - Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/v/taxonopy.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/taxonopy)
[![PyPI - Python Version](https://img.shields.io/pypi/pyversions/taxonopy.svg)](https://pypi.org/project/taxonopy)

`TaxonoPy` (taxon-o-py) is a command-line tool for creating an internally consistent taxonomic hierarchy using the [Global Names Verifier (gnverifier)](https://github.com/gnames/gnverifier). See below for the structure of inputs and outputs.
## TaxonoPy: Reproducible, Traceable, and Scalable Biological Taxonomy Alignment

## Purpose
The motivation for this package is to create an internally consistent and standardized classification set for organisms in a large biodiversity dataset composed from different data providers that may use very similar and overlapping but not identical taxonomic hierarchies.
TaxonoPy (taxon-o-pie) is a command-line tool for harmonizing large biodiversity datasets into a consistent taxonomy ready for AI applications. Built on the [Global Names Verifier (GNVerifier)](https://github.com/gnames/gnverifier), it provides complete provenance tracking, flexible resolution strategies, and batch processing of 100M+ records to address challenges in reproducibility and scale in massive multi-source taxonomy alignment.

Its development has been driven by its application in the TreeOfLife-200M (TOL) dataset. This dataset contains over 200 million samples of organisms from four core data providers:

- [The Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF)](https://www.gbif.org/)
- [BIOSCAN-5M](https://biodiversitygenomics.net/projects/5m-insects/)
- [FathomNet](https://www.fathomnet.org/)
- [The Encyclopedia of Life (EOL)](https://eol.org/)

The names (and classification) of taxa may be (and often are) inconsistent across these resources. This package addresses this problem by creating an internally consistent classification set for such taxa.

### Input

A directory containing Parquet partitions of the seven-rank Linnaean taxonomic metadata for organisms in the dataset. Labels should include:
- `uuid`: a unique identifier for each sample (required).
- `kingdom`, `phylum`, `class`, `order`, `family`, `genus`, `species`: the taxonomic ranks of the organism (required, may have sparsity).
- `scientific_name`: the scientific name of the organism, to the most specific rank available (optional).
- `common_name`: the common (i.e. vernacular) name of the organism (optional).

See the example data in
- `examples/input/sample.parquet`
- `examples/resolved/sample.resolved.parquet` (generated with [`taxonopy resolve`](#command-resolve))
- `examples/resolved_with_common_names/sample.resolved.parquet` (generated with [`taxonopy common-names`](#command-common-names))

### Challenges
This taxonomy information is provided by each data provider and the original sources, but the classification can be...

- **Inconsistent**: both between and within sources (e.g. kingdom Metazoa vs. Animalia).
- **Incomplete**: many samples are missing one or more ranks. Some have 'holes' where higher and lower ranks are present, but intermediate ranks are missing.
- **Incorrect**: some samples have incorrect classifications. This can come in the form of spelling errors, nonstandard ideosyncratic terms, or outdated classifications.
- **Ambiguous**: homonyms, synonyms, and other terms that can be interpreted in multiple ways unless handled systematically.

Taxonomic authorities exist to standardize classification, but ...
- There are many authorities.
- They may disagree.
- A given organism may be missing from some.

### Solution
`TaxonoPy` uses the taxonomic hierarchies provided by the TOL core data providers to query GNVerifier and create a standardized classification for each sample in the TOL dataset. It prioritizes the [GBIF Backbone Taxonomy](https://verifier.globalnames.org/data_sources/11), since this represents the largest part of the TOL dataset. Where GBIF misses, backup sources such as the [Catalogue of Life](https://verifier.globalnames.org/data_sources/1) and [Open Tree of Life (OTOL) Reference Taxonomy](https://verifier.globalnames.org/data_sources/179) are used.

## Installation

`TaxonoPy` can be installed with `pip` after setting up a virtual environment.

### User Installation with `pip`

To install the latest version of `TaxonoPy`, run:
```console
pip install taxonopy
```

### Usage
You may view the help for the command line interface by running:
```console
taxonopy --help
```
This will show you the available commands and options:
```console
usage: taxonopy [-h] [--cache-dir CACHE_DIR] [--cache-input CACHE_INPUT]
[--show-cache-path] [--cache-stats] [--clear-cache]
[--show-config] [--version]
{resolve,trace,common-names} ...

TaxonoPy: Resolve taxonomic names using GNVerifier and trace data provenance.

positional arguments:
{resolve,trace,common-names}
resolve Run the taxonomic resolution workflow
trace Trace data provenance of TaxonoPy objects
common-names Merge vernacular names (post-process) into resolved outputs

options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--cache-dir CACHE_DIR
Directory for TaxonoPy cache (can also be set with TAXONOPY_CACHE_DIR environment variable) (default: None)
--cache-input CACHE_INPUT
Input dataset path to compute cache stats for when no command is provided (default: None)
--show-cache-path Display the current cache directory path and exit (default: False)
--cache-stats Display statistics about the cache and exit (default: False)
--clear-cache Clear the TaxonoPy object cache. May be used in isolation. (default: False)
--show-config Show current configuration and exit (default: False)
--version Show version number and exit
```

### Cache behavior

`taxonopy resolve` caches parsed entries, entry groups, and every resolution attempt chain using [`diskcache`](https://grantjenks.com/docs/diskcache/) as a stable provenance artifact tied to the TaxonoPy version and input dataset. By default the cache root is `~/.cache/taxonopy`, but you can override it by setting the environment variable `TAXONOPY_CACHE_DIR` or specifying `--cache-dir`. Its primary purpose is to support the `trace` command, which allows you to trace the provenance of any taxonomic entry resolved by TaxonoPy.

- Each resolve run writes into `resolve_v<version>_<fingerprint>` where the fingerprint is a SHA-256 hash of the input files’ metadata, so namespaces stay stable per combination of dataset and package version.
- Inspect a namespace without rerunning by invoking `taxonopy --cache-dir <root> --cache-input <input> --cache-stats`, which reports total size, entry counts, and key-prefix breakdowns. Passing `--cache-stats` after `resolve` or `trace` performs the same check and exits.
- If both the namespace and the output directory already contain data, `taxonopy resolve` warns and exits unless you pass `--full-rerun`, which clears the cache namespace and output before proceeding. Use `--clear-cache` to wipe only the namespace.

#### Command: `resolve`
The `resolve` command is used to perform taxonomic resolution on a dataset. It takes a directory of Parquet partitions as input and outputs a directory of resolved Parquet partitions.
```
usage: taxonopy resolve [-h] -i INPUT -o OUTPUT_DIR
[--output-format {csv,parquet}]
[--log-level {DEBUG,INFO,WARNING,ERROR,CRITICAL}]
[--log-file LOG_FILE] [--force-input] [--full-rerun]
[--batch-size BATCH_SIZE] [--all-matches]
[--capitalize] [--fuzzy-uninomial] [--fuzzy-relaxed]
[--species-group] [--refresh-cache] [--cache-stats]

options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-i, --input INPUT Path to input Parquet or CSV file/directory
-o, --output-dir OUTPUT_DIR
Directory to save resolved and unsolved output files
--output-format {csv,parquet}
Output file format
--log-level {DEBUG,INFO,WARNING,ERROR,CRITICAL}
Set logging level
--log-file LOG_FILE Optional file to write logs to
--force-input Force use of input metadata without resolution
--full-rerun Replace existing cache/output if detected for this input

GNVerifier Settings:
--batch-size BATCH_SIZE
Max number of name queries per GNVerifier API/subprocess call
--all-matches Return all matches instead of just the best one
--capitalize Capitalize the first letter of each name
--fuzzy-uninomial Enable fuzzy matching for uninomial names
--fuzzy-relaxed Relax fuzzy matching criteria
--species-group Enable group species matching

Cache Management:
--refresh-cache Force refresh of cached objects (input parsing, grouping) before running.
--cache-stats Display cache statistics for this input and exit.
```
It is recommended to keep GNVerifier settings at their defaults.

#### Command: `trace`
The `trace` command is used to trace the provenance of a taxonomic entry. It takes a UUID and an input path as arguments and outputs the full path of the entry through TaxonoPy.
```console
usage: taxonopy trace [-h] {entry} ...

positional arguments:
{entry}
entry Trace an individual taxonomic entry by UUID

options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit

usage: taxonopy trace entry [-h] --uuid UUID --from-input FROM_INPUT [--format {json,text}] [--verbose]

options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--uuid UUID UUID of the taxonomic entry
--from-input FROM_INPUT
Path to the original input dataset
--format {json,text} Output format
--verbose Show full details including all UUIDs in group
```

#### Command: `common-names`
The `common-names` command is used to merge vernacular names into the resolved output. It takes a directory of resolved Parquet partitions as input and outputs a directory of resolved Parquet partitions with common names.
```console
usage: taxonopy common-names [-h] --resolved-dir ANNOTATION_DIR --output-dir OUTPUT_DIR

options:
-h, --help show this help message and exit
--resolved-dir ANNOTATION_DIR
Directory containing your *.resolved.parquet files
--output-dir OUTPUT_DIR
Directory to write annotated .parquet files
```
Note that the `common-names` command is a post-processing step and should be run after the `resolve` command.

### Example Usage

To perform taxonomic resolution on a dataset with subsequent common name annotation, run:
```console
taxonopy resolve \
--input /path/to/formatted/input \
--output-dir /path/to/resolved/output
```
```console
taxonopy common-names \
--resolved-dir /path/to/resolved/output \
--output-dir /path/to/resolved_with_common-names/output
```
## Documentaion
See https://imageomics.github.io/TaxonoPy for documentation on installation, usage, and more.

## Development
See the [Wiki Development Page](https://github.com/Imageomics/TaxonoPy/wiki/Development) for development instructions.
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