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Tom's edits Jan 26 of multiplicative functional lecture
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lectures/_static/quant-econ.bib

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publisher = {University of Minnesota Press},
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address = {Minneapolis, Minnesota}}
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@book{Hans_Sarg_book_2016,
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@unpublished{Hans_Sarg_book,
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author = {Lars Peter Hansen and Thomas J. Sargent},
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year ={2017},
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year ={2024},
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title = {Risk, Uncertainty, and Value},
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publisher = {Princeton University Press},
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address = {Princeton, New Jersey}
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note = {University of Chicago and NYU manuscript}
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}
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@article{Jacobson_73,

lectures/additive_functionals.md

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If a process $\{y_t\}$ is an additive functional and $\phi_t = \exp(y_t)$, then $\{\phi_t\}$ is a multiplicative functional.
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Hansen and Sargent {cite}`hansen2008robustness` (chs. 5 and 8) describe discrete time versions of additive and multiplicative functionals.
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In this lecture, we describe both additive functionals and multiplicative functionals.
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We also describe and compute decompositions of additive and multiplicative processes into four components:
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## A Particular Additive Functional
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Hansen and Sargent {cite}`hansen2008robustness` describe a general class of additive functionals.
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{cite}`hansen2009long` describe a general class of additive functionals.
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This lecture focuses on a subclass of these: a scalar process $\{y_t\}_{t=0}^\infty$ whose increments are driven by a Gaussian vector autoregression.
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### Decomposition
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Hansen and Sargent {cite}`hansen2008robustness` describe how to construct a decomposition of
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Hansen and Sargent {cite}`Hans_Sarg_book` describe how to construct a decomposition of
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an additive functional into four parts:
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- a constant inherited from initial values $x_0$ and $y_0$
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\end{aligned}
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$$
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Then the Hansen-Scheinkman {cite}`hansen2009long` decomposition is
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Then the Hansen-Scheinkman {cite}`hansen2009long`, {cite}`Hans_Sarg_book` decomposition is
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$$
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\begin{aligned}
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### Peculiar Large Sample Property
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Hansen and Sargent {cite}`hansen2008robustness` (ch. 8) describe the following two properties of the martingale component
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Hansen and Sargent {cite}`Hans_Sarg_book` (ch. 8) describe the following two properties of the martingale component
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$\widetilde M_t$ of the multiplicative decomposition
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* while $E_0 \widetilde M_t = 1$ for all $t \geq 0$,
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The first property follows from the fact that $\widetilde M_t$ is a multiplicative martingale with initial condition
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$\widetilde M_0 = 1$.
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The second is a **peculiar property** noted and proved by Hansen and Sargent {cite}`hansen2008robustness`.
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The second is a **peculiar property** noted and proved by Hansen and Sargent {cite}`Hans_Sarg_book`.
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The following simulation of many paths of $\widetilde M_t$ illustrates both properties
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