Add manual determinant calculator using cofactor expansion

[Naman-Vasudev]

Describe your change:

• Add an algorithm

This pull request adds a manual determinant calculator for square matrices using
cofactor expansion. The implementation works for matrices of any size and supports
both integers and floats. The algorithm recursively computes minors and cofactors
to calculate the determinant.

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All function parameters and return values are annotated with type hints.
• All functions have doctests that pass automated testing.
• All new algorithms include at least one URL that points to Wikipedia or another similar explanation.

References

• Wikipedia: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Determinant

[algorithms-keeper]

Click here to look at the relevant links ⬇️

🔗 Relevant Links

Repository:

• Contributing guidelines
• Project Euler solution guidelines

Python:

• Formatted string literals (f-strings)
• Type hints
• doctest
• unittest
• pytest

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[algorithms-keeper]

As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file matrix/determinant_calculator.py, please provide doctest for the function get_minor