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Optimize Quick Sort with in-place partitioning and hybrid approach#13633

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faizan842 wants to merge 2 commits intoTheAlgorithms:masterfrom
faizan842:optimize-quicksort-inplace
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Optimize Quick Sort with in-place partitioning and hybrid approach#13633
faizan842 wants to merge 2 commits intoTheAlgorithms:masterfrom
faizan842:optimize-quicksort-inplace

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This PR optimizes quicksort by adding in-place Hoare partitioning, median-of-three pivot selection, and a hybrid insertion sort for small partitions. Preserves the original API.

Checklist:

  • I have read and followed CONTRIBUTING.md.
  • My code has type hints and docstrings.
  • I added/updated doctests or tests where applicable.
  • No print()/input() in library code.
  • ruff passes locally (ruff check).
  • Code is formatted and readable.
  • Change is focused and documented (performance rationale included).

Tests/notes:

  • Doctests pass for optimized quicksort examples.
  • In-place partitioning reduces extra space to O(1); median-of-three improves pivot quality; insertion sort accelerates small partitions.

…ions

- Add in-place partitioning using Hoare scheme (O(1) extra space vs O(n))
- Implement median-of-three pivot selection for better performance
- Add hybrid approach with insertion sort for small arrays (< 10 elements)
- Add optimized quick_sort_optimized() function with all improvements
- Keep original quick_sort() for backward compatibility
- Add comprehensive doctests for new optimized function

Performance improvements:
- Memory usage: O(1) vs O(n) extra space
- Better pivot selection reduces worst-case scenarios
- Hybrid sorting improves performance on small arrays
- More efficient partitioning algorithm

All tests pass and maintain backward compatibility.
@algorithms-keeper algorithms-keeper bot added enhancement This PR modified some existing files awaiting reviews This PR is ready to be reviewed labels Oct 20, 2025
@algorithms-keeper algorithms-keeper bot added the tests are failing Do not merge until tests pass label Oct 20, 2025
@faizan842 faizan842 closed this Oct 21, 2025
@faizan842 faizan842 deleted the optimize-quicksort-inplace branch October 21, 2025 14:37
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