Splaytree v3 #13819

yeshuawm999 · 2025-10-31T06:04:51Z

Describe your change:

Added an implementation of the Splay Tree data structure in Python, located at
data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py.

A Splay Tree is a self-adjusting binary search tree that moves recently accessed elements closer to the root using rotations (splaying).
This improves access time for frequently used elements.

The code includes:

Node class with parent, left, and right pointers.
Rotation methods (_rotate_left, _rotate_right).
Core _splay operation implementing Zig, Zig-Zig, and Zig-Zag cases.
A search method that splays the found node to the root.
Example usage block for demonstration and testing.

Reference: Wikipedia - Splay Tree

Add an algorithm?
Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
Add or change doctests? -- Note: Please avoid changing both code and tests in a single pull request.
Documentation change?

Checklist:

Example Output

Before search: 10
Found: True
After splay, new root: 5

Complexity Analysis

Operation	Average	Worst
Search	O(log n)	O(n)
Insert	O(log n)	O(n)
Delete	O(log n)	O(n)

Additional Notes

This code was tested manually to verify splay rotations and root updates.
It follows the standard Splay Tree algorithm used in self-adjusting BSTs and adheres to the repository’s coding standards.

yeshuawm999 · 2025-10-31T06:39:31Z

The code i have given will work only with the provided example
please verify it

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algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:37:19Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+#class node
+class Node:
+    """A node in the Splay Tree."""
+    def __init__(self, key, parent=None, left=None, right=None):


Please provide return type hint for the function: __init__. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide type hint for the parameter: key

Please provide type hint for the parameter: parent

Please provide type hint for the parameter: left

Please provide type hint for the parameter: right

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:37:19Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+#Spary Tree class
+class SplayTree:
+    """A self-adjusting Binary Search Tree."""
+    def __init__(self):


Please provide return type hint for the function: __init__. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:37:19Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Basic Rotation Operations ---
+
+    def _rotate_left(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _rotate_left

Please provide return type hint for the function: _rotate_left. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:37:19Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+        y.left = x
+        x.parent = y
+
+    def _rotate_right(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _rotate_right

Please provide return type hint for the function: _rotate_right. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:37:20Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Core Splay Operation ---
+
+    def _splay(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _splay

Please provide return type hint for the function: _splay. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:37:20Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Example Search Method (Uses splay) ---
+
+    def search(self, key):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function search

Please provide return type hint for the function: search. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide type hint for the parameter: key

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algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:38:55Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+class Node:
+    """A node in the Splay Tree."""
+
+    def __init__(self, key, parent=None, left=None, right=None):


Please provide return type hint for the function: __init__. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide type hint for the parameter: key

Please provide type hint for the parameter: parent

Please provide type hint for the parameter: left

Please provide type hint for the parameter: right

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:38:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+class SplayTree:
+    """A self-adjusting Binary Search Tree."""
+
+    def __init__(self):


Please provide return type hint for the function: __init__. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:38:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Basic Rotation Operations ---
+
+    def _rotate_left(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _rotate_left

Please provide return type hint for the function: _rotate_left. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:38:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+        y.left = x
+        x.parent = y
+
+    def _rotate_right(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _rotate_right

Please provide return type hint for the function: _rotate_right. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:38:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Core Splay Operation ---
+
+    def _splay(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _splay

Please provide return type hint for the function: _splay. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:38:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Example Search Method (Uses splay) ---
+
+    def search(self, key):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function search

Please provide return type hint for the function: search. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide type hint for the parameter: key

algorithms-keeper

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Formatted string literals (f-strings)

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pytest

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algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:53:04Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+#class node
+class Node:
+    """A node in the Splay Tree."""
+    def __init__(self, key, parent=None, left=None, right=None):


Please provide return type hint for the function: __init__. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide type hint for the parameter: key

Please provide type hint for the parameter: parent

Please provide type hint for the parameter: left

Please provide type hint for the parameter: right

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:53:04Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+#Spary Tree class
+class SplayTree:
+    """A self-adjusting Binary Search Tree."""
+    def __init__(self):


Please provide return type hint for the function: __init__. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:53:04Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Basic Rotation Operations ---
+
+    def _rotate_left(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _rotate_left

Please provide return type hint for the function: _rotate_left. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:53:04Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+        y.left = x
+        x.parent = y
+
+    def _rotate_right(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _rotate_right

Please provide return type hint for the function: _rotate_right. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:53:04Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Core Splay Operation ---
+
+    def _splay(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _splay

Please provide return type hint for the function: _splay. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T16:53:04Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Example Search Method (Uses splay) ---
+
+    def search(self, key):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function search

Please provide return type hint for the function: search. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide type hint for the parameter: key

algorithms-keeper

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Repository:

Contributing guidelines

Project Euler solution guidelines

Python:

Formatted string literals (f-strings)

Type hints

doctest

unittest

pytest

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algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:01:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+#class node
+class Node:
+    """A node in the Splay Tree."""
+    def __init__(self, key, parent=None, left=None, right=None):


Please provide return type hint for the function: __init__. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide type hint for the parameter: key

Please provide type hint for the parameter: parent

Please provide type hint for the parameter: left

Please provide type hint for the parameter: right

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:01:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+#Spary Tree class
+class SplayTree:
+    """A self-adjusting Binary Search Tree."""
+    def __init__(self):


Please provide return type hint for the function: __init__. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:01:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Basic Rotation Operations ---
+
+    def _rotate_left(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _rotate_left

Please provide return type hint for the function: _rotate_left. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:01:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+        y.left = x
+        x.parent = y
+
+    def _rotate_right(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _rotate_right

Please provide return type hint for the function: _rotate_right. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:01:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Core Splay Operation ---
+
+    def _splay(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _splay

Please provide return type hint for the function: _splay. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:01:56Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Example Search Method (Uses splay) ---
+
+    def search(self, key):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function search

Please provide return type hint for the function: search. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide type hint for the parameter: key

for more information, see https://pre-commit.ci

algorithms-keeper

Click here to look at the relevant links ⬇️

🔗 Relevant Links

Repository:

Contributing guidelines

Project Euler solution guidelines

Python:

Formatted string literals (f-strings)

Type hints

doctest

unittest

pytest

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algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:02:30Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+class Node:
+    """A node in the Splay Tree."""
+
+    def __init__(self, key, parent=None, left=None, right=None):


Please provide return type hint for the function: __init__. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide type hint for the parameter: key

Please provide type hint for the parameter: parent

Please provide type hint for the parameter: left

Please provide type hint for the parameter: right

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:02:30Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+class SplayTree:
+    """A self-adjusting Binary Search Tree."""
+
+    def __init__(self):


Please provide return type hint for the function: __init__. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:02:30Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Basic Rotation Operations ---
+
+    def _rotate_left(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _rotate_left

Please provide return type hint for the function: _rotate_left. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:02:30Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+        y.left = x
+        x.parent = y
+
+    def _rotate_right(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _rotate_right

Please provide return type hint for the function: _rotate_right. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:02:31Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Core Splay Operation ---
+
+    def _splay(self, x):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function _splay

Please provide return type hint for the function: _splay. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide descriptive name for the parameter: x

Please provide type hint for the parameter: x

algorithms-keeper · 2025-11-07T17:02:31Z

data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py

+
+    # --- Example Search Method (Uses splay) ---
+
+    def search(self, key):


As there is no test file in this pull request nor any test function or class in the file data_structures/binary_tree/splay_tree.py, please provide doctest for the function search

Please provide return type hint for the function: search. If the function does not return a value, please provide the type hint as: def function() -> None:

Please provide type hint for the parameter: key

algorithms-keeper bot added the tests are failing Do not merge until tests pass label Oct 31, 2025

yeshuawm999 force-pushed the splaytree-v3 branch from e78178a to 4ba2d14 Compare November 7, 2025 16:37

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yeshuawm999 force-pushed the splaytree-v3 branch from 3535104 to 4ba2d14 Compare November 7, 2025 16:52

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yeshuawm999 and others added 3 commits November 7, 2025 22:32

Added Splay Tree implementation in Python

3bb69ae

Added example block to Splay Tree implementation

0f30c41

[pre-commit.ci] auto fixes from pre-commit.com hooks

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yeshuawm999 force-pushed the splaytree-v3 branch from 62b7fd2 to f7b25c1 Compare November 7, 2025 17:02

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yeshuawm999 deleted the splaytree-v3 branch November 7, 2025 17:03


		# --- Basic Rotation Operations ---

		def _rotate_left(self, x):


		# --- Example Search Method (Uses splay) ---

		def search(self, key):

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Splaytree v3 #13819

Splaytree v3 #13819

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yeshuawm999 commented Oct 31, 2025

Describe your change:

Checklist:

Example Output

Complexity Analysis

Additional Notes

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yeshuawm999 commented Oct 31, 2025

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