Fixes #13840 - handle duplicate items correctly in binary search

[Nours135]

• Update searches/binary_search.py. Always move left to locate the first occurrence of duplicate items when found a match.
• Update doctests to cover duplicate items.
• In binary_search_by_recursion, verify sorted_collection only once to reduce runtime.

Describe your change:

• Add an algorithm?
• Fix a bug or typo in an existing algorithm?
• Add or change doctests? -- Note: Please avoid changing both code and tests in a single pull request.
• Documentation change?

Checklist:

• I have read CONTRIBUTING.md.
• This pull request is all my own work -- I have not plagiarized.
• I know that pull requests will not be merged if they fail the automated tests.
• This PR only changes one algorithm file. To ease review, please open separate PRs for separate algorithms.
• All new Python files are placed inside an existing directory.
• All filenames are in all lowercase characters with no spaces or dashes.
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• All functions have doctests that pass the automated testing.
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