branch-4.0: [Improve](streaming job) support postgres partition table sync #60560

[JNSimba]

What problem does this PR solve?

Cherry-picked from #60560, #60624

Release note

None

Check List (For Author)

• Test

  • Regression test
  • Unit Test
  • Manual test (add detailed scripts or steps below)
  • No need to test or manual test. Explain why:
    • This is a refactor/code format and no logic has been changed.
    • Previous test can cover this change.
    • No code files have been changed.
    • Other reason

• Behavior changed:

  • No.
  • Yes.

• Does this need documentation?

  • No.
  • Yes.

Check List (For Reviewer who merge this PR)

• Confirm the release note
• Confirm test cases
• Confirm document
• Add branch pick label

[Thearas]

Thank you for your contribution to Apache Doris.
Don't know what should be done next? See How to process your PR.

Please clearly describe your PR:

1. What problem was fixed (it's best to include specific error reporting information). How it was fixed.
2. Which behaviors were modified. What was the previous behavior, what is it now, why was it modified, and what possible impacts might there be.
3. What features were added. Why was this function added?
4. Which code was refactored and why was this part of the code refactored?
5. Which functions were optimized and what is the difference before and after the optimization?

[JNSimba]

run buildall

[JNSimba]

run external

[JNSimba]

run external

[JNSimba]

run external

[JNSimba]

run buildall

[hello-stephen]

FE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 0.00% (0/2) 🎉
Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report

[JNSimba]

run external

[JNSimba]

run nonConcurrent

[JNSimba]

run buildall

[hello-stephen]

FE UT Coverage Report

Increment line coverage 0.00% (0/2) 🎉
Increment coverage report
Complete coverage report