Kubernetes Job service #5113

javanlacerda · 2026-01-08T21:24:36Z

This PR introduces full support for scheduling and managing fuzzing tasks on Kubernetes clusters,
specifically targeting GKE. It implements a new KubernetesService to
handle batch job creation, supports Kata Containers for isolation, and includes robust testing
and configuration mechanisms.

Key Features:

Kubernetes Service: A new backend for RemoteTaskInterface that schedules tasks as Kubernetes
Jobs. It supports both standard and Kata Container runtimes, automatic Service Account
creation with Workload Identity, and intelligent job limiting to prevent cluster overload.
Traffic Shifting (RemoteTaskGate): A new gating mechanism (RemoteTaskGate) that intelligently
routes tasks between the legacy GCP Batch service and the new Kubernetes service based on
configurable probabilities, allowing for a gradual, controlled migration.
Feature Flags: A new dynamic configuration system backed by Datastore to control runtime
behaviors like job concurrency limits.

Detailed Changes by Module:

Kubernetes Integration (src/clusterfuzz/_internal/k8s/):
- service.py: Implemented KubernetesService for job lifecycle management (creation,
  monitoring, limiting). Includes GKE credential loading, Kata Container spec generation,
  and Service Account provisioning.
- Tests: Added k8s_service_test.py (unit), k8s_service_limit_test.py (limits), and
  k8s_service_e2e_test.py (integration on Kind).
Remote Task Management (src/clusterfuzz/_internal/remote_task/):
- init.py: Introduced RemoteTaskGate, a smart router that implements
  RemoteTaskInterface. It initializes both GcpBatchService and KubernetesService and
  distributes tasks between them based on probabilities defined in job_frequency.py. This
  enables traffic splitting (e.g., 10% to K8s, 90% to Batch) for safe rollout.
- job_frequency.py: Added logic to manage task scheduling frequency and split ratios.
- Refactored core task logic to use the generic RemoteTask and RemoteTaskInterface
  abstractions.
Datastore & Configuration (src/clusterfuzz/_internal/datastore/):
- data_types.py: Added FeatureFlag model to store configuration dynamically.
- feature_flags.py: Added FeatureFlags enum/helper for type-safe access to flags (e.g.,
  K8S_PENDING_JOBS_LIMITER).
Batch & Legacy Refactoring (src/clusterfuzz/_internal/batch/):
- service.py: Updated to align with the new RemoteTask interface.
- Removed obsolete gcp.py and google_cloud_utils/batch.py utilities in favor of the new
  structure.
Infrastructure & CI:
- .github/workflows/kubernetes-e2e-tests.yaml: New workflow for running E2E tests on a Kind
  cluster.
- Pipfile / src/Pipfile: Added kubernetes client and updated Google Cloud dependencies.
Bot & Metrics:
- src/python/bot/startup/run_bot.py: Updates to support K8s-based bot execution via the new
  gate.
- src/clusterfuzz/_internal/metrics/: Enhanced logging and monitoring for remote tasks.

Evidences:

Batch and Kata containers fuzzing hours, proving the Remote Gate, the Batch and Kubernetes services are working properly. The Feature Flag is used to set the job_frequency, then it proves the feature flag and its usage is working as well.

jonathanmetzman

left some very surface level comments.

Pipfile

butler.py

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/tests/core/platforms/__init__.py

src/python/bot/startup/run_bot.py

src/setup.py

This commit introduces the Kubernetes job client and service, providing a mechanism to schedule tasks on Kubernetes clusters (including GKE and Kind), supporting both standard and Kata Containers. Key Features & Changes: - **Kubernetes Service**: Implemented `KubernetesService` in `clusterfuzz._internal.k8s.service` to manage job creation. - **Kata Support**: Added specialized job creation for Kata Containers (`create_kata_container_job`) with required security context (`privileged`, `capabilities: ALL`), networking (`hostNetwork: True`), and environment variables (`HOST_UID`). - **Dependency Management**: Added `kubernetes` and necessary Google Cloud dependencies (`google-api-python-client`, `google-cloud-storage`, `google-cloud-ndb`, etc.) to `Pipfile`. - **E2E Testing**: - Created `tests.core.k8s.k8s_service_e2e_test` to verify job lifecycle on a local Kind cluster. - Updated `local/tests/kubernetes_e2e_test.bash` to provision the test environment. - Updated CI workflow (`.github/workflows/kubernetes-e2e-tests.yaml`) to install JDK 21 (required for Datastore emulator). - Tests now verify job "Running" status to avoid timeouts with long-running commands. - `KubernetesService` skips default credential loading when `K8S_E2E` is set to utilize the test-provided kubeconfig. - **Unit Tests**: Added comprehensive unit tests in `tests.core.k8s.k8s_service_test` and `tests.core.kubernetes.kubernetes_test`, including mocking of `load_kube_config` and `_load_gke_credentials` to ensure robust testing without external dependencies.

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

Pipfile

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

jonathanmetzman · 2026-01-16T19:42:44Z

local/tests/kubernetes_e2e_test.bash

+
+pip install pipenv
+
+# Install dependencies.
+pipenv --python 3.11
+pipenv install

-class KubernetesJobClient(RemoteTaskInterface):
-  """A remote task execution client for Kubernetes.
-  
-  This class is a placeholder for a future implementation of a remote task
-  execution client that uses Kubernetes. It is not yet implemented.
-  """
+./local/install_deps.bash


This is only intended to be used in CI?

jonathanmetzman · 2026-01-16T19:43:13Z

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/base/tasks/__init__.py


    # If we get here the task succeeded in running. Acknowledge the message.
-    self._pubsub_message.ack()
+    if not self.do_not_ack:


What is this change?

Its part of the job limiter for the Kubernetes service, we can probably use this for implement the job limiter for Batch as well, using the new feature they implemented for us. The rationale behind is if the task cannot be scheduled for Kubernetes because it already reached the limit of jobs, the message should not be acked, allowing the other adapter, such as Batch, to process the message.

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/datastore/feature_flags.py

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/k8s/__init__.py

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/k8s/service.py

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/batch/service.py

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/k8s/service.py

.github/workflows/kubernetes-e2e-tests.yaml

Pipfile

jonathanmetzman · 2026-01-18T18:50:31Z

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/k8s/job_template.yaml

@@ -0,0 +1,61 @@
+# Copyright 2026 Google LLC


What's difference between thsi and the next template?

It might have been a good idea to consider knative instead of rebuilding batch.

Initially I created different templates for raw kubernetes jobs and for Jobs over Kata, but I updated it for having a single template with conditionals.

About the Knative, it seems good, but I wound't like to tackle it in this PR as it's working fine as is, but we should definetly explore it.

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/k8s/job_template.yaml

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/k8s/kata_job_template.yaml

jonathanmetzman · 2026-01-18T18:55:18Z

This is cool. I maybe would tried cloud run before kata because 1. It is probably less management? 2. It might be more performant because as far as I know doesn't use nested virt.

jonathanmetzman · 2026-01-18T18:55:40Z

Are we using preemptibles btw?

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/remote_task/remote_task_adapters.py

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/remote_task/remote_task_types.py

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/remote_task/__init__.py

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/tests/core/k8s/k8s_service_e2e_test.py

decoNR · 2026-01-19T13:47:30Z

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/base/tasks/__init__.py


    # If we get here the task succeeded in running. Acknowledge the message.
-    self._pubsub_message.ack()
+    if not self.do_not_ack:


IMO readability would be improved by using ack instead of do_not_ack (go/tott/764).

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/batch/service.py

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

src/clusterfuzz/_internal/datastore/feature_flags.py

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

javanlacerda changed the title ~~Pr/dependencies~~ Kubernetes Job service Jan 8, 2026

javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch 5 times, most recently from 7edfb48 to b271b83 Compare January 10, 2026 22:46

javanlacerda marked this pull request as ready for review January 10, 2026 22:50

javanlacerda requested review from ViniciustCosta, decoNR, hunsche and jonathanmetzman and removed request for ViniciustCosta and hunsche January 10, 2026 22:50

jonathanmetzman reviewed Jan 12, 2026

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javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch 4 times, most recently from d5684e5 to 44737d3 Compare January 15, 2026 00:44

javanlacerda added 10 commits January 15, 2026 09:37

pipenv lock

697cdd7

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

install kubernetes

3310027

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

Update dependencies and fix linting

7f12a07

move use_batch

b986275

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

add todo

5b7b4d5

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

Pr/metrics logging (#5115)

ca629cd

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

fixes

234f0ac

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

fix lint

6838442

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

mock gcloud auth default

eec7e6b

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lint

ae2e936

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javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch from b771b50 to ae2e936 Compare January 16, 2026 15:47

jonathanmetzman reviewed Jan 16, 2026

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set ttl for the job after completion

c108e35

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

jonathanmetzman reviewed Jan 16, 2026

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jonathanmetzman reviewed Jan 18, 2026

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revert Pipfile

092e27f

Signed-off-by: Javan Lacerda <javanlacerda@google.com>

javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch from eb601c2 to 092e27f Compare January 18, 2026 19:21

fix JTW

9b3a503

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javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch from 8adc287 to 9b3a503 Compare January 18, 2026 19:41

use actions/checkout@v4

941c7d1

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javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch from 6040f7d to 941c7d1 Compare January 18, 2026 19:46

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paintitblacktattoostudio1591-sudo mentioned this pull request Jan 19, 2026

Moss #5132

Open

javanlacerda added 2 commits January 19, 2026 20:29

fix single quotes usage

2114adf

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refactor

5a92336

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javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch from 9ba397a to 5a92336 Compare January 20, 2026 14:39

decoNR reviewed Jan 20, 2026

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rename types

5a3a5a2

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javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch from 74cf7da to 5a3a5a2 Compare January 20, 2026 16:02

javanlacerda added 2 commits January 20, 2026 17:19

fixes

fcc67fe

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deal with circular import

1aa9ae5

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javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch from 7c57a49 to 1aa9ae5 Compare January 20, 2026 18:40

simplify k8s e2e

f4e61b7

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javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch from a5b0d43 to f4e61b7 Compare January 20, 2026 19:07

get rid job limiter

506f583

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javanlacerda force-pushed the pr/dependencies branch from 30cc0ae to 506f583 Compare January 20, 2026 21:10

Kubernetes Job service #5113

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Kubernetes Job service #5113

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javanlacerda commented Jan 8, 2026 •

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