build,test: add tests for binary linked with shared libnode

[joyeecheung]

This adds tests to ensure the V8 parts (v8, libplatform, cppgc) in shared libnode works correctly.

Refs: #61144

[nodejs-github-bot]

Review requested:

• @nodejs/gyp

[joyeecheung]

I've tested these platforms locally, in the CI this currently would only be exercised on Linux. For other platforms where people happen to build and use libnode, I guess there's no need to potentially break their test flow with this - if they care about this use case they can add the platform name into this mix to ensure it's tested in their workflow.

[jeroen]

For reference this is needed to support embedding https://nodejs.org/api/embedding.html

[joyeecheung]

Yes, for testing the Node.js bits it will take more work. See the TODO I left in test/embedding/test-shared-embedding-v8.js (that thing currently fails, at least on macOS). This PR only tests the V8 bits.

[codecov]

Codecov Report

✅ All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests.
✅ Project coverage is 88.52%. Comparing base (58f5da2) to head (9da3c37).
⚠️ Report is 26 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@            Coverage Diff             @@
##             main   #61463      +/-   ##
==========================================
+ Coverage   88.51%   88.52%   +0.01%     
==========================================
  Files         704      704              
  Lines      208884   208995     +111     
  Branches    40334    40344      +10     
==========================================
+ Hits       184889   185017     +128     
+ Misses      15966    15964       -2     
+ Partials     8029     8014      -15     

see 36 files with indirect coverage changes

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