CI: Spack v0.23.0

[ax3l]

Update Spack in CI to the latest stable release.

• consistently use E4S and local build caches
• enable blosc2 (and maybe mgard) again from ADIOS2: Require v2.9 as minimum #1711

Will need:

• Spack 0.22.0: C-Blosc2: Fuzzer Tests spack/spack#42881

As a follow up

• We could use the GH action of spack, which includes caching by default
  https://github.com/spack/setup-spack

[franzpoeschel]

The latest commit fixes the UBSAN issue. UBSAN correctly detected a memory issue it didnt before.

[ax3l]

Thanks a lot! Can you isolate the last commit as a bugfix PR for 0.16.0?

[franzpoeschel]

Thanks a lot! Can you isolate the last commit as a bugfix PR for 0.16.0?

#1657, done

[ax3l]

This spack/spack#45582 worked for me locally, let's see if it fixes here.