gh-142783: Fix possible use after free in zoneinfo module

Lib/test/test_zoneinfo/test_zoneinfo.py

@@ -14,6 +14,7 @@
 import struct
 import tempfile
 import unittest
+import zoneinfo
 from datetime import date, datetime, time, timedelta, timezone
 from functools import cached_property
 
@@ -1551,6 +1552,46 @@ def __eq__(self, other):
         except CustomError:
             pass
 
+    def test_weak_cache_descriptor_use_after_free(self):
+        from zoneinfo import ZoneInfo
+
+        available_zones = sorted(zoneinfo.available_timezones())
+        if "UTC" not in available_zones:
+            raise unittest.SkipTest("No time zone data available")
+
+        class Cache:
+            def __init__(self):
+                self.data = {}
+
+            def get(self, key, default=None):
+                return self.data.get(key, default)
+
+            def setdefault(self, key, default):
+                return self.data.setdefault(key, default)
+
+            def clear(self, *args, **kwargs):
+                self.data.clear()
+
+        class BombDescriptor:
+            def __get__(self, obj, owner):
+                return Cache()
+
+        class EvilZoneInfo(ZoneInfo):
+            pass
+
+        EvilZoneInfo._weak_cache = BombDescriptor()
+
+        zone1 = EvilZoneInfo("UTC")
+
+        self.assertIsNotNone(zone1)
+        self.assertEqual(str(zone1), "UTC")
+
+        EvilZoneInfo.clear_cache()
+
+        zone2 = EvilZoneInfo("UTC")
+        self.assertIsNotNone(zone2)
+        self.assertEqual(str(zone2), "UTC")
+
 
 class CZoneInfoCacheTest(ZoneInfoCacheTest):
     module = c_zoneinfo

Misc/NEWS.d/next/Library/2025-12-16-14-49-19.gh-issue-142783.VPV1ig.rst

@@ -0,0 +1,3 @@
+Fix zoneinfo use-after-free with descriptor _weak_cache. Return new
+reference from get_weak_cache() instead of borrowed reference to prevent
+premature object free.

Modules/_zoneinfo.c

@@ -292,16 +292,11 @@ static PyObject *
 get_weak_cache(zoneinfo_state *state, PyTypeObject *type)
 {
     if (type == state->ZoneInfoType) {
+        Py_INCREF(state->ZONEINFO_WEAK_CACHE);
         return state->ZONEINFO_WEAK_CACHE;
     }
     else {
-        PyObject *cache =
-            PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject *)type, "_weak_cache");
-        // We are assuming that the type lives at least as long as the function
-        // that calls get_weak_cache, and that it holds a reference to the
-        // cache, so we'll return a "borrowed reference".
-        Py_XDECREF(cache);
-        return cache;
+        return PyObject_GetAttrString((PyObject *)type, "_weak_cache");
     }
 }
 
@@ -328,26 +323,30 @@ zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyObject *key)
     PyObject *weak_cache = get_weak_cache(state, type);
     instance = PyObject_CallMethod(weak_cache, "get", "O", key, Py_None);
     if (instance == NULL) {
+        Py_DECREF(weak_cache);
         return NULL;
     }
 
     if (instance == Py_None) {
         Py_DECREF(instance);
         PyObject *tmp = zoneinfo_new_instance(state, type, key);
         if (tmp == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(weak_cache);
             return NULL;
         }
 
         instance =
             PyObject_CallMethod(weak_cache, "setdefault", "OO", key, tmp);
         Py_DECREF(tmp);
         if (instance == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(weak_cache);
             return NULL;
         }
         ((PyZoneInfo_ZoneInfo *)instance)->source = SOURCE_CACHE;
     }
 
     update_strong_cache(state, type, key, instance);
+    Py_DECREF(weak_cache);
     return instance;
 }
 
@@ -510,12 +509,14 @@ zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_clear_cache_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyTypeObject *cls,
         PyObject *item = NULL;
         PyObject *pop = PyUnicode_FromString("pop");
         if (pop == NULL) {
+            Py_DECREF(weak_cache);
             return NULL;
         }
 
         PyObject *iter = PyObject_GetIter(only_keys);
         if (iter == NULL) {
             Py_DECREF(pop);
+            Py_DECREF(weak_cache);
             return NULL;
         }
 
@@ -540,6 +541,7 @@ zoneinfo_ZoneInfo_clear_cache_impl(PyTypeObject *type, PyTypeObject *cls,
         Py_DECREF(pop);
     }
 
+    Py_DECREF(weak_cache);
     if (PyErr_Occurred()) {
         return NULL;
     }