[INFRA] Update config, use cpp23

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[seqan-actions]

Documentation preview available at https://docs.seqan.de/preview/seqan/sharg-parser/266

[codecov]

Codecov Report

All modified and coverable lines are covered by tests ✅

Project coverage is 94.76%. Comparing base (52cbeea) to head (471b4ac).
Report is 6 commits behind head on main.

Additional details and impacted files

@@           Coverage Diff           @@
##             main     #266   +/-   ##
=======================================
  Coverage   94.76%   94.76%           
=======================================
  Files          18       18           
  Lines        1738     1738           
  Branches       44       44           
=======================================
  Hits         1647     1647           
  Misses         91       91           

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